Oral & Esophageal Dz Flashcards
What’s the fancy doctor word for hypersalivation?
Ptyalism
What is the name of the little bump in the mouth that communicates with the vomeronasal organ and is part of olfactory senses in both the dog and cat?
Incisive papilla. NOT a tumor!!
T/F The molar salivary gland is found in cats.
True. It isn’t a tumor!! It’s just salivary tissue.
What are some of the clinical signs of oral cavity or esophageal disease?
oral discomfort (head shy), hesitant to eat or drops food, ptyalism and saliva stains around mouth, on paws +/-
How are benign oral masses aka Canine Oral Papillomatosis transmitted?
Transmission via saliva, grooming, playing with 1-2 months incubation
What veggie do benign oral masses resemble?!
Cauliflower. Mucosal surface- pale, smooth growths at first then rough and irregular with fronds. “Fronds.”
Which of the following is FALSE with regards to Canine Oral Papillomatosis?
Will go away as dog’s immune system matures
The growths spontaneously resolve after about 1-5 months
Some growths will persist
Shrivel and turn grey with regression
Commonly affects older dogs
Commonly affects older dogs.
It commonly affects YOUNGER dogs!
Where do Epulides aka odontogenic neoplasm originate from?
from periodontal ligament; mostly seen in dogs
Do Epulides metastasize?
No! They are benign and do not metastasize
Where can we expect to see Epulides?
Can expect to see Epulides on gingiva, near the teeth- in particular the incisor and they’re firm and irregular
Are Epulides more commonly seen in dogs or cats?
Dogs! Especially older dogs and can be found in any breed
What are some notable features about fibromatous & ossifying epulis?
They’re noninvasive, solitary, +/- pedunculated, non ulcerative and sx is curative
Are acanthomatous ameloblastoma invasive?
yup! They are invasive +/- bone destruction. Often needs large resection including bone to be curative. +/- radiation therapy
What is the #1 malignant neoplasia in DOGS?
The #1 is malignant melanoma: 2/3 pigmented and 1/3 unpigmented. Frequently metastasizes to LNs and lungs
What is the #1 malignant neoplasia in CATS?
SCC- #1 in Cats and #2 in Dogs
Ulcerative, erosive lesions
How will fibrosarcomas appear?
Firm and smooth +/- nodules
What diagnostic testing do you perform for regional LN assessment?
cytology
What diagnostic testing do you perform when staging the lungs?
x rays or CT; CT best
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (EGC) is also known as what?
Rodent Ulcer!
What is the suspected underlying cause of EGC?
Suspected hypersensitivity rxn. Fleas/other insects/ environment/ diet
EGCs can occur together or separately & range in size. Where can you find eosinophilic plaques, eosinophilic granuloma and indolent ulcers?
Eosinophilic plaque: not on face
Eosinophilic granuloma: lip or chin swelling
Indolent ulcer: ulcers of mouth
What are the 5 ways we can tx EGCs?
- food trial
- steroid: tapering course pending response (warning: Dexamethosone shot is not advised bc it’s a long acting steroid)
- flea control
- pain management
- tx secondary infection
T/F Once ECGs are treated, you will never have to worry about them again.
False! Prognosis is super good but recurrence is common.
What is the condition associated with an abnormal immune response to plaque on the teeth?
Gingivostomatitis: severe chronic inflammation of gingiva and oral mucosa
Are we more likely to see gingivostomatitis in dogs or cats?
CATS!
Can be associated with FIV, SEVERE oral pain, ptyalism +/- blood, halitosis, weight loss (bc hungry but hurts to eat), dysphagia and head shy are all clinical signs associated with what?
Gingivostomatitis!
All of the following are diagnostic methods for Gingivostomatitis but which one is needed to confirm the diagnosis?
MDB (CBC, Chem, UA)
FELV/FIV assessment
Oral exam
Gingival biopsy
Gingival biopsy! Often at time of dental cleaning and is needed to confirm dx
What is the tx protocol for Gingivostomatitis?
medical management w oral hygiene control: routine periodontal treatments, brushing, immune modification medications such as prednisone or other immune modification meds
full mouth extractions +/- medications after
T/F Pharyngeal dz includes problems associated with the tonsils and salivary glands.
True!
Pharyngeal dz includes masses (nasopharyngeal polyp-malignant) and dysfxn i.e. neuromuscular dz). What are the clinical signs associated with pharyngeal dz?
odynophagia- painful swallowing dysphagia retching, gagging, coughing ptyalism-frequently blood stained head shy-pain dyspnea ****voice change!- meow or bark!!*** This is the BIG change!
With regards to the physical exam for pharyngeal dz, it’s important to check for swelling in the cervical area, enlarged LNs and tonsils, ptyalism, upper respiratory signs, pyrexia but what else should we do ?
Watch your patient eat and drink! Are they not drinking because it’s painful or are they not drinking because they can’t swallow etc
When doing radiographs with a patient with suspected pharyngeal dz, what are we looking for?
assess cervical neck and chest for compressions or obstructive lesions; also look for foreign body
What is done when a sedated oral exam is given to an animal with suspected pharyngeal dz?
- culture and biopsy of tissue if abnormal
- removal of polyp if present
- FNA and cytology of lesions
If nothing is seen on oral exam or history and we’re assessing for pharyngeal dz then what other procedures can we perform?
endoscopy: assess caudal pharynx and soft palate
fluoroscopy: assess fxn
CT scan of head, neck, pharynx, cervical region, chest
What infectious organisms are frequently seen with tonsilar dz?
- associated w URI organisms -especially viral
- Feline Herpes, Calicivirus
- Canine Distemper
What neoplasms are frequently seen with tonsilar dz?
SCC, fibrosarcoma, melanoma
Difficulty swallowing, upper respiratory signs and nasal discharge, stertor “snoring sound” are all clinical signs associated with what?
Nasopharyngeal polyp
All of the following describe what?
Inflammatory response- possibly from viral organisms, arises from middle ear and penetrates into nasopharynx OR penetrates eardrum.
Polyps!
How do we tx polyps?
Gentle traction removal for nasopharyngeal polyps!
Ventral bullae osteotomy
Excellent prognosis with removal !
Possible recurrence
What is the #1 salivary gland disorder in dogs?
Sialocele ‘salivary mucocele’
Accumulation of saliva in submucosal or subcutaneous tissue caused by trauma or inflammation is the definition of:
Sialocele
What is the #1 location for Sialoceles?
cervical = #1
ranula (under tongue)
pharyngeal & zygomatic= rare
What are the clinical signs associated with sialoceles?
small to large swelling +/- respiratory distress, usually NON-painful with chronicity, mobile, soft, flocculent
What are the common swelling locations found with sialoceles?
parotid: below ear
mandibular: angle of jaw
zygomatic caudal to eye +/- retrobulbar swelling