ShoulderElbow Flashcards
The examiner abducts and externally rotates the patients shoulder with the shoulder at a 90 degree angle
apprehension test
A positive apprehension test indicates what?
anterior shoulder dislocation trauma
while the patient is supine, the doctor keeps the shoulder abducted at 90 degrees and then externally rotates by applying pressure
relocation test
What does a positive relocation test indicate?
glenohumeral instability
What is the load and shift test?
The doctor stabilizes the scapula with one hand, grasps the humeral head with the other. the doctor loads the shoulder by pushing in towards the glenoid, then pushes forward to test anterior stability and pulls back to test posterior stability. The doctor finally pulls down on the arm to test inferior stability
What does a positive load and shift test indicate?
instability or loosening of the shoulder (may be a visible sulcus may appear under the Acromion with a multi-directional loose shoulder)
What is the supraspinatus (empty can) press test?
patients shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees, and the doctor provides resistance to abduction. shoulder is medially rotated so thumbs point to the floor. then resistance is added by the doctor
What does a positive supraspinatus (empty can) press test indicate?
a tear of the supraspinatus tendon or muscle
What is the Full can test?
patient seated or standing with arm raised in the scapular plane 90 degrees with the shoulder externally rotated. doctor applies downward force just proximal to the patient’s wrist while the patient resists
What does a positive full can test indicate?
a supraspinatus problem
What is the lift off test?
patient places the back of the hand on their low back. The patient attempts to lift the hand off of their low back
What does a positive lift off test indicate?
a lesions of the subscapularis muscle and scapular instability
What is the codman’s drop arm test?
patients arm is passively abducted. the examiner suddenly removes support at some point above 90 degrees to make the deltoid contract suddenly
What does a positive codman’s drop arm test indicate?
a tear in the supraspinatus
What is a valgus stress test?
doctor holds elbow with about a 20-30 degree angle and palpates and stabilizes the lateral aspect of the elbow while abducting the forearm
What does a positive valgus stress test indicate?
MCL sprain
What is a varus stress test?
doctor holds elbow with about 20-30 degree angle and palpates and stabilizes the medial aspect of the elbow while adducting the forearm
What does a positive varus stress test indicate?
LCL sprain
What is the golfers elbow test?
With the patient seated, the doctor flexes the patients elbow slightly and supinates the hand. patient flexes elbow against resistance
What does a positive golfers elbow indicate?
medial epicondylitis
What is the lift test?
wrist fully supinated, the patient grasps the handle of a sandbag and attempts to flex the wrist. the the patient does the same in pronation and extends the wrist
What is cozen’s test?
patient clenches fist tightly, extends wrist, and has forearm in pronation. the doctor puts resistance on the wrist while palpating the lateral elbow (tendinous area)
What does a positive cozen’s test indicate?
lateral epicondylitis
What is the elbow flexion test?
patient holds elbow in flexion for 5 minutes
What does a positive elbow flexion test indicate?
cubital tunnel syndrome
What is o’brien’s test?
The patient flexes the arm to 90 degrees with the elbow in full extension. patient adducts arm 10-30 degrees with thumb up (supination). doctor adds pressure to arm while patient resists. patient again flexes arm to 90 degrees with the elbow in full extension. patient adducts arm 10-30 degrees with thumb down (pronation). doctor add pressure while patient resists
What does a positive o’brien’s test indicate?
labrum tear (slap lesion)
What is a bicep load test?
patient is supine with shoulder abducted 90 degrees and externally rotated with forearm supinated. doctor externally rotates shoulder until the patient becomes apprehensive
What does a bicep load test indicate?
superior labrum tear (slap lesion)
What is the speed’s test?
doctor provides resistance to flexion of the shoulder by the patient
What does a positive speed’s test indicate?
bicipital tendonitis
What is yergason’s test?
Patient sits with elbow flexed. the doctor provides resistance as the patient supinates forearm outward and slightly up
What does a positive yergason’s test indicate?
a transverse humeral ligament rupture or biceps tendonitis
What is apley’s scratch test?
patient tries to touch superior angle of the scapula by reaching behind their head and touching with their hand. Then patient tries to touch the inferior angle of the scapula by reaching behind their back and touching it with their hand
What does a positive apley’s scratch test indicate?
supraspinatus tendinitis
What is dugas test?
The patient touches their hand to the opposite shoulder and then tries to touch their elbow to their chest
What does a positive dugas test indicate?
shoulder dislocation
What is an impingement test?
doctor moves patients arm in slight abduction and brought fully through flexion
What does a positive impingement test indicate?
overuse of supraspinatus or biceps tendon
What is dawbarn’s test?
doctor puts pressure on a tender area of the shoulder. then the doctor passively abducts the shoulder with pressure still on the tender area
What does a positive dawbarn’s test indicate?
subacromial bursitis
