Quiz Motor DTR Flashcards
three areas of muscle integrity that are assessed for th epurposes of neurologic evaluation
- strength
- tone
- volume
process of muscle strength exam
- area must be disrobed
- patient should be in a standing neutral posture
what should be looked for during a muscle strength exam
- unusual posture
- muscle volume asymmetry
- muscle fasciculation
fasciculations are due to what
denervated muscle fibers
if the fasciculations can not be seen by the naked eye but can be demonstrated electromyographically then they are called
fibrillations
the doctor must always compare the right side to the left during muscle strength testing
TRUE
the force exerted in changing position
kinetic
the force exerted in resisting movement
static
power is sometimes classified as
kinetic
muscles that hold the body in the quadruped position
antigravity muscles
antigravity muscles are stronger than their antagonists
TRUE
complete paralysis, no evidence of contration
0
evidence of slight contraction but no joint motion (0-10% of normal movement)
1
complete range of motion with gravity eliminated (11-25% of normal movement)
2
(26-50% of normal movement)
3
complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance (51-75% of normal movement)
4
complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance (76-100% of normal movement)
5
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: supraspinatus
C5, suprascapular
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: deltoid
C5, axillary
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: biceps
C5, musculocutaneous
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: brachioradialis
C5, radial
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: wrist extension
C6, radial
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: triceps
C7, radial
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: wrist flexion
C7, median and ulnar
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: finger extension
C7, radial
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: finger flexion
C8, median and ulnar
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: finger abduction
T1, ulnar
segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for: finger adduction
T1, ulnar
characteristics of muscle tone assessment can be one of three things
- normal
- decreased
- increased
if the muscle tone assessment shows muscle tone to be increased in tone what does that indicate
UMNL
if the muscle tone assessment shows muscle tone to be decreased what does that indicate
LMNL
two types of increased muscle tone
- spasticity
- rigidity
increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement
spasticity
what is the term for when spasticity is present but then is quickly fades away
clasped knife
spasticity is associated with a lesion in which pathway
cortical or pyramidal (UMNL)
an involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire ROM
rigidity
gooseneck
rigidity
rigidity is associated with a lesion in which pathway
extrapyramidal (UMNL)
could be related to muscle spindle mechanism interference from diseased extrapyramidal structures
rigidity
causes or indications of hypotonia
- neurological damage at level of reflex arc (LMNL)
- cerebellar disease causing diffuse hypotonia
may occur following acute, severe upper motor neuron damage in either the brain or the spinal cord
neural shock
neural shock is a phenomenon that is related to vascular shock
FALSE
what is the initial examination finding for neural shock
peripheral neurological findings
loss of neurologic function
deficit phenomena
exagerations or perversions of normal neurological function and are due to a loss of cortical inhibition
release phenomena
hyper-reflexia, hypertonia, and pathological reflexes are examples of what
release phenomena
all neurological signs can be divided into what
- deficit phenomena
- release phenomena
LMNL can produce both deficit and release phenomena
FALSE; only deficit phenomena
when a muscle is passively stretched and its fibers actively resist the stretching and enter into an entire state of increased and sustained tension
the stretch reflex
biceps
C5, musculocutaneous
brachioradialis
C6, radial
triceps
C7, radial
finger flexion
C8, median, ulnar
what is the wexler scale
grading system for reflexes (0, +1, +2, +3, +4)
reflex grading system: absent with reinforcement
0
reflex grading system: hypoactive with reinforcement
1
reflex grading system: normal
2
reflex grading system: hyperactive
3
reflex grading system: hyperactive with transient clonus
4
reflex grading system: hyperactive with sustained clonus
4
the proper way to perform the muscle tendon reflex if it does not work when striking the tendon is to strike the muscle belly
FALSE; never strike the muscle belly
reinforcement may be carried out according to which method
jendrassik
give an example of a jendrassik method
when testing the patellar reflex the patient is asked to hook their fingers and try to pull them apart at the time the reflex is being tested; as a distraction