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NMS I COPY (Final) > Exam 2 Study Guide (cumulative) > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide (cumulative) Flashcards

1
Q

Increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement, quickly fades.

A

Spasticity

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2
Q

Spasticity is indicative of UMN lesion involving what type of spinal tracts?

A

Cortical or pyramidal pathway lesions

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3
Q

Involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists through the joints entire ROM.

A

Rigidity

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4
Q

Rigidity is indicative of UMN lesion involving what spinal tract?

A

Extrapyramidal

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5
Q

Hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) is usually indicative of damage to 1 of what 2 areas?

A
  • -LMN lesion

- -cerebellar disease

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6
Q

What is a loss of normal neurological function (reduction in muscle tone, reflexes, strength, etc.)?

A

Deficit phenomena

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7
Q

What is an exaggerates or pervert’s normal neurological findings (hyper-reflexia, hypertonia, etc.)?

A

Release phenomena

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8
Q

Which is an UMN/LMN:

  • -Deficit phenomena or
  • -Release phenomena
A

Deficit phenomena = LMN

Release phenomena = UMN

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9
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of the biceps?

A

Musculocutaneous N (C5)

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10
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Brachioradialis?

A

Radial (C6)

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11
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Triceps?

A

Radial (C7)

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12
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Finger Flexion?

A

Median, Ulnar (C8)

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13
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Patellar?

A

Femoral (L2-L4)

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14
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Achilles?

A

Tibial (L5-S2)

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15
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Adductor?

A

Obturator (L2-L4)

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16
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Internal Hamstrings?

A

Tibial (L4-S2)

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17
Q

What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of External Hamstrings?

A

Common Peroneal (L5-S3)

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18
Q

What is a positive Rossolimo sign and what does it mean?

A

Plantar flexion of toes = UMNL

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19
Q

What is a positive Chaddock sign and what does it mean?

A

Dorsiflexion = UMNL

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20
Q

What is the afferent and efferent supply for the Pupillary Light Reflex?

A

Afferent = CN 2

Efferent = CN 3

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21
Q

What is the afferent and efferent for Ciliospinal reflex?

A

Afferent = CN 5

Efferent = cervical sympathetics

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22
Q

What is the afferent and efferent for Oculocardiac reflex?

A

Afferent = CN 5

Efferent = CN 10

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23
Q

What is the afferent and efferent for Carotid Sinus reflex?

A

Afferent = CN 9

Efferent = CN 10

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24
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

  • -Depressed stretch reflexes
  • -Loss of strength
A

Muscular

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25
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

  • -Depressed stretch reflex
  • -Loss of stretch
A

Neuromuscular junction

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26
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

  • -Depressed stretch reflexes
  • -Usually out proportion to weakness
A

Peripheral nerve

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27
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

–stretch reflexes hypoactive at level of lesion and hyperactive below level of lesion

A

Spinal cord and brain stem

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28
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

–stretch reflexes hypoactive or visibly abnormal

A

Cerebellum

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29
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

–no consistent deep or superficial reflex changes

A

Basal ganglia

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30
Q

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

  • -UMN pattern of weakness on the contralateral side
  • -may be a babinski response
A

Cerebral cortex

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31
Q

Shaking in fingers, due to agonist/antagonist action

A

Physiological tremors

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32
Q

Startle reactions (usually a normal occurrence between walking and sleeping)

A

Myoclonic jerks

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33
Q

What are twitches (often after exercise and not pathological)?

A

Benign fasciculations

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34
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–Rapid tremor

A

Emotional

35
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–hereditary tremor that affects the hands

A

Familial

36
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–associated w/ aging

A

Senile

37
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–“pin-rolling” at rest, disappears w/ volitional movement (basal ganglion lesion)

A

Parkinsonian

38
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–Tremor worsens w/ volitional movement (cerebellar pathology)

A

Intention tremor

39
Q

What type of tremor presents as:

–Tremor w/ intentional posture, decreases w/ movement

A

Postural tremor

40
Q

Random, quick movements stimulating normal movements

A

Chorea

41
Q

Slow, writhing movements of fingers and extremities that come and go (pyramidal tract signs)

A

Athetosis

42
Q

Slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonists, one usually dominates causing fixed joint contractures.

A

Dystopia

43
Q

Violent, flinging movement of half the body

A

Hemiballismus

44
Q

Quick, repetitive movements associated w/ emotional stress

A

Tics

45
Q

Motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture

A

Akathisia

46
Q

Involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, and limbs

A

Tardive dyskinesia

47
Q

What type of gate is this:

–slap feet on ground w/ wide base and watch steps b/c they cant tell where their body is in space

A

Ataxic gate

48
Q

What type of gate is this:

–Affected leg is rigid and swung from hip, toes usually pointed down

A

Hemiplegic gait

49
Q

What type of gate is this:

  • -Legs adducted, crossing alternately in front of one another
  • -short, slow steps that are stiff and jerky
A

Scissors gait

50
Q

What type of gate is this:

–High knee action and flopping of the feet, toes tend to drag along the floor

A

Steppage gait

51
Q

What type of gate is this:

–forward leaning posture w/ short shuffling steps

A

Festination gait

52
Q

What is the problem if their is pain w/ active ROM?

A

Muscle strain

53
Q

What is the problem if their is pain w/ passive ROM?

A

Ligament sprain

54
Q

What’s the problem:

–Nonspecific neck pain w/ symptoms down one side of neck

A

Cervical radiculopathy

55
Q

What’s the problem:

–Neck pain, bilateral upper extremity symptoms, coordination/balance deficits

A

Cervical myelopathy

56
Q

What are 5 Cervical Orthopedic Tests for Dural Irritation (Myelopathy)?

A
  • -Brachial Plexus Tension
  • -Lhermitte sign
  • -Shoulder Depression
  • -Kernig-Brudzinski
  • -Soto-Hall
57
Q

What are 4 Cervical Orthopedic Tests for Dural Meningitis?

A
  • -Kernig-Brudzinski
  • -Bikele
  • -Brachial Plexus Tension
  • -Soto-Hall
58
Q

What would be 3 findings in the history of soft clues that would lead a doctor to test for meningitis?

A

Fever, headache, stiff neck

59
Q

What 3 tests are best for identifying myelopathy?

A
  • -Hoffman’s
  • -Upper Deep Tendon Reflex
  • -Babinski sign
60
Q

What are 5 tests for IVF encroachment?

A
  • -Distraction
  • -Foraminal Compression
  • -Jackson’s Compression
  • -Maximum Cervical Compression
  • -Spurlings
61
Q

If you suspect a Brachial Plexus Injury, what 4 tests should you perform?

A
  • -Bakody Sign
  • -Bikele’s Sign
  • -Brachial Plexus Tension Test
  • -Brachial Plexus Compression Test
62
Q

What does a positive Adson’s test indicate?

A

Anterior scalene hypertrophy

63
Q

What does a positive Modified Adson’s test indicate?

A

Middle scale hypertrophy

64
Q

Doctor occluded jugular vein at clavicles for 10-15 sec and patient is instructed to cough.

A

Naffzigers test

65
Q

What does a positive Naffziger’s Test indicate?

A

Sharp pain = SOL

66
Q

Patient seated and asked to shake head back and forth as fast as they can

A

Barr’e-Lie’ou Test

67
Q

What are positive Barr’e-Lie’ou Test?

A

Dizziness, vertigo, nausea, fainting, nystagmus

68
Q

What are 3 DDx’s for Lateral/Anterior shoulder pain w/ overhead activities?

A
  • -Subacromial impingement
  • -Tendinitis
  • -Bursitis
69
Q

What are 2 DDx’s for instability, pain w/ action

A
  • -Shoulder instability

- -possible Labrador tear if clicking

70
Q

What is Dx for patient falls on shoulder?

A

AC joint sprain

71
Q

What are the 2 DDx for decreased ROM w/ pain during resistance?

A
  • -Rotator cuff

- -bicep tendon

72
Q

What is the Dx for pain and weakness w/ muscle loading, night pain?

A

Rotator cuff

73
Q

What is the Dx for poorly located pain, may extend into elbow, aggravated by movement?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

74
Q

What type of SLAP lesion is this:

–fraying of superior labrum

A

Type 1 SLAP lesion

75
Q

What type of SLAP lesion is this:

–fraying of superior labrum also bicep anchor detachment

A

Type 2 SLAP lesion

76
Q

What type of SLAP lesion is this:

–bucket tear w/ intact Biceps tendon

A

Type 3 SLAP lesion

77
Q

What type of SLAP lesion is this:

–bucket tear of biceps tendon

A

Type 4 SLAP lesion

78
Q

What are the 2 DDx for the following symptoms:

–Lateral elbow pain during gripping

A
  • -Lateral epicondylitis

- -Radial tunnel

79
Q

What is the Dx for the following symptoms:

–Medial elbow pain during wrist flexion

A

Medial epicondylitis

80
Q

What is the Dx for the following symptoms:

–Elbow pain w/ numbness in Ulnar nerve

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome

81
Q

What is the Dx for the following symptoms:

–Anterior elbow pain and forearm made worse by wrist or elbow flexion

A

Pronator syndrome

82
Q

What is the Dx for the following symptoms:

–Sensations of catching or instability

A

Rotary instability

83
Q

What is the Dx for the following symptoms:

–Posterior elbow pain during hyperextension

A

Valgus extension overload syndrome

NMS I COPY (Final) (10 decks)

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