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NMS I COPY (Final) > Exam 1 Study Guide (Cumulative) > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide (Cumulative) Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is involved, if the pain radiation follows a dermatomal pattern?

A

Nerve pain

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2
Q

What structure is involved, if the pain radiation refers to peripheral areas (myotomal pattern)?

A

Muscle pain

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3
Q

What structure is involved, if the pain radiation follows a sclerotomal pattern (difficult to pinpoint)?

A

Ligament pain

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4
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–No contraction

A

Zero (0)

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5
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–A trace contraction (cannot overcome gravity)

A

One (1)

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6
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–Movement w/out gravity (cannot overcome gravity)

A

Two (2)

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7
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–Movement against gravity (able to overcome gravity)

A

Three (3)

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8
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–Movement against gravity PLUS some resistance

A

Four (4)

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9
Q

What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:

–Movement against gravity PLUS max resistance

A

Five (5)

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10
Q

What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:

–No laxity, <1/3 fibers torn, slight decrease in strength

A

1st * (Degree)

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11
Q

What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:

–Moderate laxity, <2/3 torn, decrease in strength

A

2nd * (Degree)

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12
Q

What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:

– > 2/3, little to no strength

A

3rd * (Degree)

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13
Q

A CT is good for diagnosing what 3 things?

A
  • -Fractures
  • -IVD herniation
  • -Bone
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14
Q

MRI is good for diagnosing what 5 things?

A
  • -IVD herniation
  • -DDD
  • -Tumors
  • -CNS disease
  • -Meniscal tear
  • -Soft tissue tumor
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15
Q

Myelography is good for diagnosing what?

A

Spinal subarachnoid space

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16
Q

What CN’s are located on the Midbrain?

A

3 and 4

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17
Q

What CN’s are located on the Pons?

A

5-8

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18
Q

What CN’s are associated w/ Cerebellopontine angle syndrome?

A

5, 7, 8

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19
Q

What CN’s are located on the Medulla?

A

9-12

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20
Q

What CN exam tests visual acuity and peripheral vision?

A

CN 2

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21
Q

What CN’s are tested during a light reflex exam?

A

CN 2 and 3

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22
Q

What 3 things must happen for accommodation to occur?

A
  • -Lens thickens (CN 3)
  • -Convergence
  • -Pupilloconstriction
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23
Q

What CN tests Ant 2/3 tongue sensation?

A

CN 5

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24
Q

What CN tests Taste of Ant 2/3 of tongue?

A

CN 7

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25
Q

What CN controls the Gag reflex?

A

CN 9

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26
Q

If a during a tongue protrusion exam, the tongue deviates to the left. What is the problem?

A

Left CN 12

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27
Q

What CN 2 lesion presents as a “CHOKED DISC” upon a fundoscopic exam?

A

Papilledema

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28
Q

What CN 2 lesion presents as:

  • -Decreased visual acuity
  • -Optic disc colored light pink, white, or gray
A

Optic atrophy

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29
Q

What CN 2 lesion presents as:

–painless temporary loss of vision (monocular blindness) from retinal blood clot

A

Amaurosis fugax

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30
Q

What pathology is described:

  • -Ipsilateral blindness
  • -Ipsilateral Anosmia
  • -Contralateral papilledema
A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

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31
Q

What is thought to cause Foster Kennedy Syndrome?

A

Frontal lobe tumor

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32
Q

What pathology is described:

  • -Blindness
  • -Optic atrophy
  • -Dark cherry red spots on macula
  • -Mental deficiency
A

Tay-Sachs

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33
Q

What is thought to cause Tay-Sachs?

A

Cerberomacular degeneration

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34
Q

What pathology is described:

–pupil reacts to accommodation but NOT direct/indirect light reflex

A

Argyle Robertson Pupil

35
Q

What pathology is described:

  • -Tonic pupillary reaction
  • -Absence of one or more tendon reflexes
A

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

36
Q

If there is a lesion to CN 3, what are the findings?

A

Eyelid ptosis

37
Q

If there is a CN 4 lesion, what are the findings?

A

Difficult looking down and in

–Headache w/ reading

38
Q

If there is a CN 6 disorder, what are the findings?

A

Unable to laterally deviate eye on ipsilateral side of lesion

39
Q

What pathology presents as:

  • -Ptosis
  • -Anhydrosis
  • -Ipsilateral vasodilation
  • -Enophthalmos
A

Horner’ syndrome

40
Q

The Lateral Pterygoid opens jaw and moves it in what direction?

A

Contra-laterally

41
Q

What are 6 signs of vestibular disease?

A
  • -Unsteadiness
  • -Nystagmus
  • -Pallor
  • -Sweating
  • -Vomiting
  • -Hypotension
42
Q

If a patient falls w/ eyes open and closed during a Cerebellar and Proprioceptive exam, what is the problem?

A

Cerebellar pathology

43
Q

If a patient falls w/ eyes closed only during a Cerebellar and Proprioceptive exam, what is the problem?

A

Dorsal column pathology

44
Q

What is dyssnergia?

A

Uncoordinated movement

45
Q

What is Dysmetria?

A

Inaccuracy in measuring

46
Q

If during a Joint Position test the patient cannot sense the proper joint position, what is the problem?

A

Dorsal column disease

47
Q

If a patient presents w/ absent deep pain and pressure/sensation, what would they test positive for?

A

Dorsal column path

48
Q

What are 3 deep pain and pressure/sensation exams for testing the dorsal column?

A
  • -Abadie’s
  • -Pitre’s
  • -Biernacki
49
Q

What tract is associated w/ sharp touch, light touch, temperature?

A

Spinothalamic

50
Q

What tract is associated w/ vibration, proprioception, and topognosis?

A

Dorsal column

51
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

–Partial or complete interruptions to motor and all sensory pathways

A

Transverse cord lesion

52
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

  • -Ipsilateral UMN weakness, loss of vibration, loss of joint position space
  • -Contralateral loss of sharp touch and temp
A

Hemicord (Brown Sequard Syndrome)

53
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

–may only impact sensory (cape distribution)

A

Small Central Cord lesion

54
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

–Sacral sparing only

A

Large central cord lesion

55
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

–Vibration and position loss

A

Posterior cord lesion

56
Q

What cord lesion presents as:

–Motor, pain, and temp

A

Anterior cord lesion

57
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Supraspinatus muscle?

A

C5; suprascapular

58
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Deltoid muscle?

A

C5; Axillary

59
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Biceps muscle?

A

C5; Musculocutaneous

60
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Brachioradialis muscle?

A

C6; Radial

61
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Triceps muscle?

A

C7; Radial

62
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Wrist ext muscle?

A

C6; Radial

63
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Wrist flex muscle?

A

C8; Median/Ulnar

64
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger flex muscle?

A

C8; Radial

65
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger ext muscle?

A

C7; Median/Ulnar

66
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger ABd muscle?

A

T1; Ulnar

67
Q

What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger Add muscle?

A

T1; Ulnar

68
Q

What muscle testing scale = complete paralysis?

A

0/5

69
Q

What muscle testing scale = trace contraction?

A

1/5

70
Q

What muscle testing scale = moderate paralysis?

A

2/5

71
Q

What muscle testing scale = active movement against gravity?

A

3/5

72
Q

What muscle testing scale = active movement against gravity and resistance?

A

4/5

73
Q

What muscle testing scale = normal?

A

5/5

74
Q

What reflex grading system = absent?

A

0 (zero)

75
Q

What reflex grading system = hypoactive?

A

+1

76
Q

What reflex grading system = normal?

A

+2

77
Q

What reflex grading system = hyperactive?

A

+3

78
Q

What reflex grading system = hyperactive w/ transient clonus?

A

+4

79
Q

What reflex grading system = hyperactive w/ sustained clonus?

A

+5

80
Q

What type of nerve root compression results in numbness and tingling?

A

Dorsal nerve root

81
Q

What type of nerve root compression results in muscle weakness?

A

Anterior nerve root

82
Q

What type of nerve root compression results in loss of vibration or position?

A

Dorsal nerve root

83
Q

What type of nerve root compression results in loss of deep tendon reflex?

A

Anterior nerve root

NMS I COPY (Final) (10 decks)

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