Exam 1 Study Guide (Cumulative) Flashcards
What structure is involved, if the pain radiation follows a dermatomal pattern?
Nerve pain
What structure is involved, if the pain radiation refers to peripheral areas (myotomal pattern)?
Muscle pain
What structure is involved, if the pain radiation follows a sclerotomal pattern (difficult to pinpoint)?
Ligament pain
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–No contraction
Zero (0)
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–A trace contraction (cannot overcome gravity)
One (1)
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–Movement w/out gravity (cannot overcome gravity)
Two (2)
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–Movement against gravity (able to overcome gravity)
Three (3)
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–Movement against gravity PLUS some resistance
Four (4)
What muscle strength grade would you rate the following:
–Movement against gravity PLUS max resistance
Five (5)
What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:
–No laxity, <1/3 fibers torn, slight decrease in strength
1st * (Degree)
What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:
–Moderate laxity, <2/3 torn, decrease in strength
2nd * (Degree)
What Degree of Ligament Strain would you give the following:
– > 2/3, little to no strength
3rd * (Degree)
A CT is good for diagnosing what 3 things?
- -Fractures
- -IVD herniation
- -Bone
MRI is good for diagnosing what 5 things?
- -IVD herniation
- -DDD
- -Tumors
- -CNS disease
- -Meniscal tear
- -Soft tissue tumor
Myelography is good for diagnosing what?
Spinal subarachnoid space
What CN’s are located on the Midbrain?
3 and 4
What CN’s are located on the Pons?
5-8
What CN’s are associated w/ Cerebellopontine angle syndrome?
5, 7, 8
What CN’s are located on the Medulla?
9-12
What CN exam tests visual acuity and peripheral vision?
CN 2
What CN’s are tested during a light reflex exam?
CN 2 and 3
What 3 things must happen for accommodation to occur?
- -Lens thickens (CN 3)
- -Convergence
- -Pupilloconstriction
What CN tests Ant 2/3 tongue sensation?
CN 5
What CN tests Taste of Ant 2/3 of tongue?
CN 7
What CN controls the Gag reflex?
CN 9
If a during a tongue protrusion exam, the tongue deviates to the left. What is the problem?
Left CN 12
What CN 2 lesion presents as a “CHOKED DISC” upon a fundoscopic exam?
Papilledema
What CN 2 lesion presents as:
- -Decreased visual acuity
- -Optic disc colored light pink, white, or gray
Optic atrophy
What CN 2 lesion presents as:
–painless temporary loss of vision (monocular blindness) from retinal blood clot
Amaurosis fugax
What pathology is described:
- -Ipsilateral blindness
- -Ipsilateral Anosmia
- -Contralateral papilledema
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
What is thought to cause Foster Kennedy Syndrome?
Frontal lobe tumor
What pathology is described:
- -Blindness
- -Optic atrophy
- -Dark cherry red spots on macula
- -Mental deficiency
Tay-Sachs
What is thought to cause Tay-Sachs?
Cerberomacular degeneration
What pathology is described:
–pupil reacts to accommodation but NOT direct/indirect light reflex
Argyle Robertson Pupil
What pathology is described:
- -Tonic pupillary reaction
- -Absence of one or more tendon reflexes
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
If there is a lesion to CN 3, what are the findings?
Eyelid ptosis
If there is a CN 4 lesion, what are the findings?
Difficult looking down and in
–Headache w/ reading
If there is a CN 6 disorder, what are the findings?
Unable to laterally deviate eye on ipsilateral side of lesion
What pathology presents as:
- -Ptosis
- -Anhydrosis
- -Ipsilateral vasodilation
- -Enophthalmos
Horner’ syndrome
The Lateral Pterygoid opens jaw and moves it in what direction?
Contra-laterally
What are 6 signs of vestibular disease?
- -Unsteadiness
- -Nystagmus
- -Pallor
- -Sweating
- -Vomiting
- -Hypotension
If a patient falls w/ eyes open and closed during a Cerebellar and Proprioceptive exam, what is the problem?
Cerebellar pathology
If a patient falls w/ eyes closed only during a Cerebellar and Proprioceptive exam, what is the problem?
Dorsal column pathology
What is dyssnergia?
Uncoordinated movement
What is Dysmetria?
Inaccuracy in measuring
If during a Joint Position test the patient cannot sense the proper joint position, what is the problem?
Dorsal column disease
If a patient presents w/ absent deep pain and pressure/sensation, what would they test positive for?
Dorsal column path
What are 3 deep pain and pressure/sensation exams for testing the dorsal column?
- -Abadie’s
- -Pitre’s
- -Biernacki
What tract is associated w/ sharp touch, light touch, temperature?
Spinothalamic
What tract is associated w/ vibration, proprioception, and topognosis?
Dorsal column
What cord lesion presents as:
–Partial or complete interruptions to motor and all sensory pathways
Transverse cord lesion
What cord lesion presents as:
- -Ipsilateral UMN weakness, loss of vibration, loss of joint position space
- -Contralateral loss of sharp touch and temp
Hemicord (Brown Sequard Syndrome)
What cord lesion presents as:
–may only impact sensory (cape distribution)
Small Central Cord lesion
What cord lesion presents as:
–Sacral sparing only
Large central cord lesion
What cord lesion presents as:
–Vibration and position loss
Posterior cord lesion
What cord lesion presents as:
–Motor, pain, and temp
Anterior cord lesion
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Supraspinatus muscle?
C5; suprascapular
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Deltoid muscle?
C5; Axillary
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Biceps muscle?
C5; Musculocutaneous
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Brachioradialis muscle?
C6; Radial
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Triceps muscle?
C7; Radial
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Wrist ext muscle?
C6; Radial
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Wrist flex muscle?
C8; Median/Ulnar
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger flex muscle?
C8; Radial
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger ext muscle?
C7; Median/Ulnar
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger ABd muscle?
T1; Ulnar
What is the segmental and peripheral innervation for the Finger Add muscle?
T1; Ulnar
What muscle testing scale = complete paralysis?
0/5
What muscle testing scale = trace contraction?
1/5
What muscle testing scale = moderate paralysis?
2/5
What muscle testing scale = active movement against gravity?
3/5
What muscle testing scale = active movement against gravity and resistance?
4/5
What muscle testing scale = normal?
5/5
What reflex grading system = absent?
0 (zero)
What reflex grading system = hypoactive?
+1
What reflex grading system = normal?
+2
What reflex grading system = hyperactive?
+3
What reflex grading system = hyperactive w/ transient clonus?
+4
What reflex grading system = hyperactive w/ sustained clonus?
+5
What type of nerve root compression results in numbness and tingling?
Dorsal nerve root
What type of nerve root compression results in muscle weakness?
Anterior nerve root
What type of nerve root compression results in loss of vibration or position?
Dorsal nerve root
What type of nerve root compression results in loss of deep tendon reflex?
Anterior nerve root
