Shoulder: Osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans in the dog Flashcards
What is the most common developmental shoulder problem in the dog?
osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans
Where is the typical lesion of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans in the shoulder joint?
on the caudal aspect of the humeral head
What are the factors causing OC?
Genetic
Dietary - excessive calcium, excessive energy
Mechanical overload
Endocrine
Traumatic
Ischaemia
Other aetologies
Etiology of OC?
Delayed endochondral ossification leads to thickening of articular cartilage and subsequent ineffective diffusion of nutrients
What is OCD?
Osteochondrosis dissecans, cleavage of the abnormal cartilage and the formation of an osteochondral fragment
At what age is OC(D) seen?
Growing dogs
Which sex is primarily affected by OC(D)?
Male
Which breeds are associated with OC(D)?
Large and giant breeds - narrow chested large and giant breed dogs
Border collies
Irish wolfhounds
Great dane
Irish setter
Swiss mountain dog
Boxer
In how many patients is OC(D) bilateralt?
2/3 (>50%)
What are the symptoms of OC(D)?
joint effusion
synovitis
subchondral edema
degenerative joint disease
–> lameness, pain - often gradual, worse after rest, rising, exercise
When does clinical signs for OC(D) usually develop?
From 4-8 months of age
How does the lameness present itself in OC(D)
Lameness can vary, pain may be elicited when passing the joint through range of motion and often on extreme extension/flexion
Muscle atrophy around scapular spine
What image modality can be useful for confirmation of diagnosis?
XR
CT
Arthrography - 2-7ml contrast
Arthroscopy
Treatment of OC(D)?
Conservative management (if not symptomatic or economic constraints)
Surgery - fibrous resurfacing via arthroscopy, fragment removal, debridement, osteostixis
Prognosis with treatment of OC(D)?
Good prognosis with surgery
