Shoulder Ortho Exams

Question 1

Of the 4 tendons in the shoulder, which one is most frequently torn?

Answer 1

Supraspinatus

Tear usually occurs at its point of insertion onto the humeral head at the greater tuberosity.

Question 2

What is the diagnosis and treatment for Supraspinatus tear?

Answer 2

Dx: MRI
Tx: Codman’s exercises

Question 3

Abduction of the shoulder
Suprascapular Nerve
Inserts at the greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 3

Supraspinatus

Question 4

External Rotation of the shoulder
Suprascapular Nerve
Inserts at the greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 4

Infraspinatus

Question 5

External Rotation of the shoulder
Axillary Nerve
Inserts at the greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 5

Teres Minor

Question 6

Internal Rotation of shoulder
Subscapular Nerve
Inserts at the lesser tubercle of humerus

Answer 6

Subscapularis

Question 7

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder?

Answer 7

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

Question 8

Scapular Motion: Abduction occurs at the glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic articulation in a 2:1 ratio. What does a decreased ratio indicate?

Answer 8

Adhesive Capsulitis

Question 9

Elevation of the Scapula involves what muscles?

Answer 9

Trapezius and Levator Scapulae

Question 10

Retraction of the Scapula involves what muscles?

Answer 10

Rhomboid major and minor

Question 11

Protraction of the Scapula involves what muscles?

Answer 11

Serratus Anterior

Question 12

Patient seated & instructed to actively put hand behind the head and touch opposite superior angle of scapula, then place hand behind back and touch opposite inferior angle of scapula.

Answer 12

Apley’s Scratch Test
(+) = Pain or Decreased ROM
Degenerative Tendonitis of Rotator Cuff

Question 13

The examiner passively abducts arm to above 90 then suddenly removes the support. This makes the deltoid suddenly contract causing increased pain.

Answer 13

Codman’s Drop Arm Test
(+) = Inability to maintain arm position
Supraspinatus tear

Question 14

The doctor abducts and slowly externally rotates the affected shoulder. (+) = patient shows signs of apprehension or alarm

Answer 14

Apprehension test

Chronic Shoulder Dislocation

Question 15

The patient places the hand of the affected shoulder on the opposite shoulder and attempts to touch the chest with the elbow. (+) = unable to perform

Answer 15

Dugas’ Test

Acute Shoulder Dislocation

Question 16

Deep palpation by the doctor over the subacromial bursa elicits pain. Without moving the fingers, the arm is passively abducted. (+) = reduction in pain

Answer 16

Dawbarn’s Sign

Subacromial Bursitis

Question 17

The patient flexes the elbow to 90 while seated. The doctor palpates the bicipital tendon and resists the patients attempt to actively supinate the hand and flex the elbow. (+) = audible click or snap in bicipital groove

Answer 17

Yergason’s Test

Bicipital Tendon instability