Ankle & Foot Orthos Flashcards
Abnormalities of the Foot:
Flat Foot
Talar head displaces medially and plantarward.
Tx: Exercise & Orthotics
Pes Planus
Abnormalities of the Foot:
MC birth defect where heel is elevated and foot is turned inward. aka Clubfoot
Talipes Equinovarus
Abnormalities of the Foot:
Very high arch toes in flexion.
Prone to March Fracture
Tx: Orthotics stretch out
Pes Cavus
Tumor on the nerve most commonly found between 3 and 4 metatarsal heads
Morton’s Neuroma
March Fracture aka …
Metatarsal Stress Fracture
Heel Spur pain when walking in the morning. Improves as the day progresses.
Plantar Fasciitis
Pain and burning on sole of foot (medial plantar nerve)
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
(+) Thompson’s aka Simmond’s Test
Trauma - when the calf is squeezed, the ankle will plantar flex. Positive test is when it doesn’t plantar flex.
Achilles tendon rupture
What is the MC sprain/strain in the ankle?
Inversion
Sprain/Strain Grading:
- No ligamentous tear. Slight swelling and decreased ROM
Grade 1
Sprain/Strain Grading:
- Incomplete or partial rupture
- Lots of swelling, bruising
- Almost no ROM
Grade 2
Sprain/Strain Grading:
- Complete Tear
- Surgical Case
- Refer to Orthopedist
Grade 3
Pt supine. Doctor places hand around anterior aspect of lower tibia while grasping calcaneus in the palm of the other hand & then pulls calcaneus forward.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indicates?
- Anterior Foot Drawer Test
- Talus slides forward
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament instability
Pt is seated or supine. Doctor grasps the pts foot and passively inverts or everts it.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indicates?
- Medial/Lateral Stability Test
- Excessive gapping
- During Inversion - anterior talofibular or calcaneofibular ligament tear.
During Eversion - Deltoid ligament tear
Pt prone, feet hanging off table. Doctor flexes knee to 90* and squeezes calf.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indicates?
- Thompson’s Test aka Simmond’s Test
- No plantar flexion in foot
- Achilles Tendon Rupture
