Knee Ortho Exams Flashcards
Swelling and pain will occur immediately following the injury (intra-articular).
Ligament Tear
Swelling will occur 12-24 hours post injury. Unable to lock out (joint line)
Meniscal Tear
Pt supine with knee extended. Doctor applies S-I pressure on the superior pole of the patella and then asks pt to contract the quads.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indication?
- Clarke’s Sign aka Patellar Grinding Test
- Retropatellar pain or inability to sustain contraction
- Chondromalacia patella
Patella is being pulled laterally by the vastus lateralis muscle. Walking downstairs is most provocative. Causes retropatellar DJD.
What is Dx and what are orthos?
Chondromalacia Patella aka
Patellofemoral Tracking Disorder aka
Runner’s Knee
Tests: Clark’s, Fouchet’s
Avulsion of the tibial tuberosity in athletes doing repetitive knee extension.
Osgood Schlatter’s
Seated pt actively extends the flexed knee with the tibia internally rotated. When 30* is reached the pain increases, and is relieved by externally rotating the tibia.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indication?
- Wilson’s Test
- Pain Decreases
- Osteochondritis Dessicans
AVN, knee locks out on extension.
What is Dx and what is ortho?
Osteochondritis Dessicans
Test: Wilson’s sign
Prepatellar bursitis after repetitive pressure on the knee
Housemaid’s knee
Patellar tendonitis
Jumper’s knee
Lateral knee pain caused from shortened TFL. Seen in runners and made worse by walking or running up/down hills or stairs.
TFL Syndrome
Pt supine. Dr applies valgus stress to knee while abducting the foot in full extension and at 30 degrees flexion. (+) pain increased
Abduction Stress Test aka
Valgus Stress Test
* Medial Collateral Ligament
Pt supine. Dr applies varus stress to knee while adducting the foot in full extension and at 30 degrees flexion. (+) pain or increased laxity
Adduction Stress Test aka
Varus Stress Test
* Lateral Collateral Ligament
Pt prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees. Dr anchors the thigh of the pt and grasps proximal to foot & applies upward pressure & rotates leg internally & externally. Heel points to side being tested. (+) pain in knee
Apley’s Distraction Test
* Collateral Ligament Tear
Pt is supine. Knee flexed to 90* and hip to 45*.
Doctor stabilizes foot on table. Tibia is then drawn forward.
1. What is the test?
2. What is the (+) sign?
3. What is the indication?
- Drawer Test
- Pain or Joint laxity
- Anterior (pulling P-A) = ACL; Posterior (pulling A-P) = PCL
Pt supine. Knee is flexed to 90*. Foot is put in internal/external rotation. Doctor stabilizes the foot and grasps the leg with the thumbs palpating the knee joint. Doctor pulls the tibia applying P-A stress in the knee.
- Test?
- Positive?
- Indication?
- Slocum’s Test
- Pain or Joint laxity
- ACL and MCL (external) -or- LCL (internal)