SHOULDER GIRDLE Flashcards
Enumerate the three (3) rotations involved for AP Projection of the Shoulder:
- External Rotation Humerus
- Neutral Rotation Humerus
- Internal Rotation Humerus
Fill the following relationships of the provided Shoulder AP Projection variations with the plane of the IR:
External =
Neutral =
Internal =
External = PARALLEL
Neutral = OBLIQUE
Internal = PERPENDICULAR
RP for AP Projection of Shoulder
1 inch inferior to the Coracoid Process
A method used when trauma exists and the arm cannot be rotated or abducted because of an injury
Lawrence Method
Fill the provided Shoulder AP Projection variations with their respective structures to be shown
External =
Neutral =
Internal =
External = HUMERAL HEAD
Neutral = GREATER TUBERCLE
Internal = LESSER TUBERCLE
Which Lawrence Method POSITION is much easier for trauma patients as it also facilitates accurate adjustment of the shoulder
Upright
RP for Lawrence Method
Midcoronal Plane
If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for Lawrence method, angle the central ray _______
10 - 15 Degrees Cephalad
Enumerate the four (4) variations for Inferosuperior Axial Projection of the Shoulder Joint:
- Lawrence Method
- Rafert Modification
- West-point Method
- Clements Modification
Which two structures can be seen laterally with the Lawrence method ?
- Shoulder
- Proximal Humerus
The patient is in supine position with the head turned away and the humerus in external rotation
Lawrence Method
CR and RP for Lawrence Method - Shoulder Joint
CR = 15 and 30 Degrees Medially
RP = Axilla to the Region of the Acromioclavicular Articulation
Used to locate Hill-Sachs defect through applying exaggerated external rotation of the arm
Rafert Modification
A pronated inferosuperior axial projection method for the shoulder joint wherein the affected arm is abducted 90 degrees.
West-point Method
CR and RP for West-point Method
CR = 25 Degrees Anteriorly and 25 Degrees Medially
RP = 5 Inches Inferior and 1.5 Inches Medial to the Acromial Edge and Exiting the Glenoid Cavity
CR for AP Axial Projection of Shoulder Joint
35 Degrees Cephalad
This is useful in diagnosing cases of posterior dislocation
Shoulder Joint - AP Axial Projection
A projection useful for the evaluation of suspected shoulder dislocations
Scapular Y - PA Oblique Projection - RAO / LAO Position
Midcoronal plane angulation for Scapular Y PA Oblique Projection
45 - 60 Degrees
Anterior Dislocations = The humeral head is beneath the ________ process
Posterior Dislocations = The humeral head is beneath the _______ process
Anterior = CORACOID process
Posterior = ACROMION process
What projection shows the joint space between the humeral head and the glenoid cavity through abducting the arm slightly in internal rotation and placing the palm of the hand on the abdomen ?
AP Oblique Projection - Grashey Method - RPO/LPO Position
RP for Grashey Method
Glenoid Cavity
(2 inches Medial and 2 inches Inferior to the Superolateral Border of the Shoulder)
What method is similar to the Grashey Method but uses weighted abduction to demonstrate a loss of articular cartilage in the scapulohumeral joint ?
Apple Method
What projection and method is used to evaluate acute shoulder trauma and for identifying posterior scapulohumeral dislocations, glenoid fractures, Hill-Sachs lesions, and soft-tissue calcifications ?
AP Axial Oblique Projection - Garth Method - RPO/LPO Position
CR and RP for Apple Method
CR = Perpendicular
RP = Coracoid Process
CR and RP for Garth Method
CR = 45 Degrees Caudad
RP = Scapulohumeral Joint
Projection and method used to demonstrate dislocation, separation, and function of the joints
AP Projection - Bilateral - Pearson Method
SID for Bilateral - Pearson Method
72 Inches (183 cm)
Projection and method which project the acromioclavicular joint and clavicle above the acromion
AP Axial Projection - Alexander Method
CR and RP for AP Axial Projection - Alexander Method
CR = 15 Degrees
RP = Coracoid Process
Projection and method used to demonstrate the acromioclavicular joint and the relationship of the bones of the shoulder
PA Axial Oblique Projection - Alexander Method
CR and RP for PA Axial Oblique Projection - Alexander Method
CR = 15 Degrees Caudad
RP = Acromioclavicular Joint
Projection that provides frontal image of the clavicle
BONUS Ques: What is the RP of the aforementioned projection ?
AP Projection
RP = Midshaft of the Clavicle
Clavicle projection most useful when improved recorded detail is desired as it brings the clavicle to the IR, thus reducing OID
PA Projection
What projection leans the patient backward in a position of extreme lordosis, with the neck rested and shoulder against the VCH ?
AP Axial Projection - Lordotic Position
Complete the following CR angulations for the provided AP Axial Projection variations of the Clavicle:
AP Axial - Lordotic =
AP Standing =
AP Recumbent =
AP Axial - Lordotic = Perpendicular
AP Standing = 0 - 15 Degrees
AP Recumbent = 15 - 30 Degrees
In the AP Projection of the Scapula, the body must not be rotated towards the affected side because the resultant obliquity would ______ the effect of drawing the scapula ______
- Offset
- Laterally
CR and RP for AP Scapula
CR = Perpendicular
RP = Midscapular Area (2 inches inferior to the Coracoid Process)
For delineation of the acromion and coracoid process, have the patient _______ and _________
- Flex the elbow
- Place the back of the hand on the posterior thorax
For demonstration of the body of the scapula, ask the patient to ______ and ________ on the head or across the upper chest by grasping the opposite shoulder
- Extend the arm upward
- Rest the forearm
What are the two methods for PA Oblique projection of the Scapula ?
- Lorenz Method
- Lilienfeld Method
