Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

conditions > shoulder conditions > Flashcards

shoulder conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)?

A

an inflammatory condition characterized by restriction of the shoulder movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three stages of adhesive capsulitis?

A
  1. painful phase
  2. adhesive phase
  3. resolution phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what symptoms can be expected in the painful phase of adhesive capsulitis?

A

insidious onset of shoulder pain
pain worse with rest and at night
background ache (often in traps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what symptoms can be expected in the adhesive phase of adhesive capsulitis?

A

reduced pain at rest and night
discomfort and severe pain at end ROM
severe restriction of shoulder movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what symptoms can be expected in the resolution phase of adhesive capsulitis?

A

pain is reduced
shoulder ROM still restricted, but slight improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the most common age group of adhesive capsulitis?

A

40-60 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what other conditions can adhesive capsulitis be associated with?

A

diabetes
thyroid disease
pulmonary carcinoma and tuberculosis
heart disease
TIA and stroke
shoulder trauma
surgery under anaesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the gold standards for imaging in adhesive capsulitis?

A

MRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common cause of subacromial bursitis?

A

inflammation in the tissue surrounding the shoulder (commonly supraspinatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the s&s for subacromial bursitis?

A

pain/impingement in both AROM and PROM
focal warmth and swelling
faulty movement pattern (shrugs shoulder to initiate movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the imaging of choice for bursitis?

A

ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is supraspinatus calcific tendinitis or HADD?

A

calcific deposits within the supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the cause of calcific tendinitis?

A

trauma or overuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the s&s of calcific tendinitis in the shoulder?

A

intense shoulder pain (starts suddenly and rapidly worsens)
all ROM limited
pain may radiate to upper arm
patient may wear sling to support arm
sleep disturbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which age group is at most risk for calcific tendinitis?

A

young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what other condition can calcific tendinitis of the shoulder cause?

A

subacromial bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the treatment of choice for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder?

A

ultrasound therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a contraindicated treatment for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder?

A

hyperaemia (heat, exercise and cross friction massage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most common cause of clavicular fracture?

A

FOOSH (fall onto outstretched hand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why is a clavicular fracture common in neonates?

A

the clavicle can fracture during the passage throught the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are s&s of clavicular fracture?

A

sagging of the shoulder down and outwards
inability to lift arm (cracking sound when lifting)
bruising, swelling, tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which two risks are associated with a clavicular fracture?

A

pneumothorax (fragments of clavicle can pierce the lung)
brachial plexus damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the most common location of shoulder dislocation?

A

anterior and inferior displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what can cause posterior dislocation?

A

seizure or electrocution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

who is more at risk for shoulder dislocation?

A

hypermobile people (beighton > 5/9)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the apprehension position for dislocated shoulders?

A

abduction, extension and rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what structure is most commonly impinged in the shoulder?

A

the supraspinatus tendon in the acromio-humeral joint space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are s&s of shoulder impingement?

A

pain in abduction (commonly around deltoid)
pain worse with movement, better with rest
weakness, especially in overhead movement
may disturb sleep

29
Q

which special tests are positive in shoulder impingement?

A

Jobe
modified hawking
neer’s
drop arm

30
Q

what are s&s of a partial rotator cuff tear?

A

painful arc
pain on shoulder flexion
diffuse pain around shoulder
atrophy of infra or supraspinatus
weakness of external rotation (arm to side)
discrepancy/difference between AROM and PROM

31
Q

what are the s&s of a full thickness tear of the rotator cuff?

A

unable to initiate flexion and abduction
positive arm drop sign

32
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

suprasinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

33
Q

what age group is at most risk for a rotator cuff or impingement injury?

A

> 40 yrs

34
Q

which underlying condition is a risk factor for rotator cuff issues and why?

A

diabetic patients, they have decreased vascularity of the tendon leading to slow tendon repair

35
Q

what is the imaging of choice for a impingement or a rotator cuff tear?

A

ultrasound

36
Q

what are s&s of a glenoid labrum tear?

A

poorly localised pain
exacerbated by overhead and behind back movement
popping/catching/grinding on movement

37
Q

which special tests are positive in a glenoid labral tear?

A

active compression test
passive distraction test

38
Q

what is the most common type of glenoid labral tear?

A

SLAP (superior labral anterior to posterior) lesion

39
Q

what is the imaging of choice for a labral tear?

A

MRA (magnetic resonance angiography –> evaluates blood vessels)

40
Q

what are s&s of OA of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

localised AC joint pain
worse on full abduction or horizontal adduction
prominent AC joint (osteophytes)
crepitus

41
Q

what are the most common complications of AC joint OA?

A

rotator cuff impingement
rotator cuff tears
bicipital tendinitis

42
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

an inflammatory condition which affects the bilateral shoulders and/or hips

43
Q

what are s&s of PMR?

A

BL shoulder and or hip pain
morning stiffness (<45 min)
weakness of proximal muscles due to pain
low grade fever, fatigue, weight loss
pain interferes with sleep

44
Q

what age group and gender are most at risk for PMR?

A

females >50 yrs

45
Q

what other conditions or signs might be associated with PMR?

A

giant cell arteritis (GCA)
temporal arteritis
peripheral arthritis
pitting oedema in hands and feet

46
Q

what is the most common treatment for PMR?

A

prednisolone (corticosteroids)

47
Q

what symptoms may be present with snapping scapula?

A

dull ache around medial border of scapula
loud crack/snap during arm abduction

48
Q

what is the imaging of choice for snapping scupula?

A

x-ray (lateral view) –> rule out bony abnormalities (osteoma, bony spurs)

49
Q

what is the most common mechanism of fall in an AC joint sprain?

A

FOOSH

50
Q

what test is positive with ACJ sprain?

A

cross body adduction
abduction >90°

51
Q

what is the normal ACJ space?

A

0.3-0.8 cm

52
Q

what are the findings for a first degree AC joint sprain?

A

no misalignment
no x-ray findings
tenderness over AC joint

53
Q

what are the findings for a second degree ACJ sprain?

A

some subluxation of the AC joint
pain and tenderness over joint
palpable superior displacement of distal clavicle
surrounding ligamants are stretched
ACJ space: 1.00-1.5cm

54
Q

what are the findings for a third degree ACJ sprain?

A

displacement of distal clavicle > 1/2 of AC joint height
obvious displacement
severe pain and disability
AC ligaments are torn
surgical reduction or fixation
ACJ space > 1.5 cm

55
Q

what is a swimmers shoulder?

A

avascularity in the supraspinatus tendon due to compresion by the greater tuberosity of the humerus

56
Q

what are potential causes of a swimmer shoulder?

A

CT dysfunction
abnormal scapular position

57
Q

what is a tendinosis?

A

a degeneration of the collagen in the tendon due to chronic overuse

58
Q

what is the most common site of tendinosis in the shoulder?

A

supraspinatus

59
Q

what are s&s for supraspinatus tendinosis?

A

pain over lateral shoulder
pain may radiate distally
pain disturbs sleep

60
Q

which tests are positive in supraspinatus tendinosis?

A

drop arm test
impingement tests (jobe, hawking, neer, drop arm)
painful resisted abduction and external rotation

61
Q

what other conditions may supraspinatus tendinosis lead to?

A

calcific tendinitis (HADD)
subacromial bursitis

62
Q

what is the most common site of proximal biceps tendinosis?

A

bicipital groove of humerus

63
Q

what are the s&s for proximal biceps tendinosis?

A

pain in anterior shoulder
may radiate down into anterior arm
most arm movements are painful (especially external rotation)

64
Q

what test is positive in a proximal biceps tendinosis?

A

speed’s
pain on bicipital groove palpation

65
Q

what are s&s of rupture of the long head of the biceps?

A

sudden snap at anterior shoulder
bleeding into soft tissue
pop eye muscle

66
Q

what are s&s for distal biceps tendinosis?

A

local pain and tenderness around bicipital tuberosity of the radius

67
Q

in what kind of sports is distal biceps tendinosis common?

A

sports that require elbow flexion (bowling, gymnastics, with lifting)

68
Q

what are s&s for infraspinatus tendinosis?

A

pain over lateral shoulder
painful to stretch arm behind the back
decrease ROM
weakness on external rotation

69
Q

what condition can infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendinosis mimic?

A

adhesive capsulitis (painful phase)

conditions (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions