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ortho > shoulder and elbow injuries > Flashcards

shoulder and elbow injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder joint ?

A

ball and socket type

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2
Q

what are the muscles of the shoulder associated with abduction ?

A

initiation of abduction - supraspinatus 0-15
15-90 deltoid

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3
Q

what are the muscles associated with external rotation of the shoulder ?

A

infraspinatus
teres minor

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4
Q

what are the muscles associated with internal rotation of the shoulder joint ?

A

subscapularis

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5
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff ?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of shoulder pain ?

A

subacromial impingement

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7
Q

what are the causes of subacromial impingement ?

A

subacromial bursitis
acromion morphology
all causing rotator cuff tendon inflammation

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8
Q

what is the clinical picture of subacromial impingement ?

A

painful shoulder
painful abduction

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9
Q

what are the findings on examination associated with subacromial impingement ?

A

tenderness over AC joint
painful arc

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10
Q

what are the special tests for subacromial impingement ?

A

scarf test ( integrity of AC joint )
hawkins-kennedy test

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11
Q

what is the hawkins kennedy test ?

A

internal rotation of the shoulder whilst the elbow is at 90 degrees
if it is painful this is positive for shoulder impingement

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12
Q

what is the gold standard for the diagnosis of subacromial impingement ?

A

MRI

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13
Q

what is the treatment for subacromial impingement ?

A

conservative - NSAIDS , injections , physiotherapy
surgery if conservative fails - subacromial decompression

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14
Q

what is the clinical picture of rotator cuff tears ?

A

shoulder pain
inability to initiate abduction

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15
Q

what are the special tests done for rotator cuff tears ?

A

jobe’s test / empty can test - supraspinatus
resisted ER test - infraspinatus
Gerber lift-off test - subscapularis

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16
Q

what are the characteristic findings associated with end stage rotator cuff arthropathy ?

A

rotator cuff insufficiency
glenohumeral cartilage destruction
superior migration of the humeral head
subchondral osteoporosis

17
Q

what is the clinical picture of rotator cuff arthropathy ?

A

shoulder pain ( with activity and at night )
shoulder weakness
shoulder stiffness

18
Q

what are the findings on examination of rotator cuff arthropathy ?

A

muscle atrophy
reduced range of motion

19
Q

what surgery cannot be performed in rotator cuff arthropathy ?

A

total shoulder arthroplasty cannot be used

20
Q

what are the shoulder inflammatory conditions ?

A

bicipital tendinitis
frozen shoulder

21
Q

what are the examination findings in bicipital tendinitis ?

A

tenderness over long head of bicep tendon
anterior shoulder pain

22
Q

what is frozen shoulder ?

A

a condition characterized by functional loss of active and passive range of motion

23
Q

what is the primary vcause of frozen sshoulder ?

A

adhesive capsulitis

24
Q

what are the associated conditions with frozen shoulder ?

A

diabetes
thyroid disorders

25
Q

diabetic w masek ketfo ?

A

frozen shoulder

26
Q

what is the clinical picture of frozen shoulder ?

A

non specific shoulder pain
limitation of active range of motion that affects ADL
muscle wasting
external rotation more evidently affected

27
Q

if nonoperative management fails in frozen shoulder what is the next best step in management ?

A

manipulation under anesthesia

28
Q

what is the mmost common direction of dislocatioin oof the shoulder ?

A

anterior

29
Q

when do we see posterior dislocation of the shoulder ?

A

electric shocks orr seizures

30
Q

what is the picture of anterior shoulder dislocation ?

A

arm is externally rotated
loss of shoulder contour
empty glenoid

31
Q

where is the affection in tennis elbow ?

A

lateral epicondylosis

32
Q

what is the presentation of tennis elbow ?

A

pain with resisted wrist extension
tenderness over the lateral epicondyle

33
Q

where is the affection in golfers elbow ?

A

medial epicondylosis

34
Q

what is the presentation with golfers elbow ?

A

pain with wrist flexion and pronation

35
Q

what is the clinical picture of olecranon bursitis ?

A

localised swelling at the tip of the elbow

36
Q

what is cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow

37
Q

what are the associated conditions of cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

medial epicondylosis

38
Q

what is the clinical picture of cubital tunnel syndrome ?

A

paraesthesia off medial 1 and half fingers
partial claw hand
intrinsic muscle weakness

ortho (15 decks)

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