complications of fractures Flashcards
what are the stages associated with fracture healing ?
stage I - haematoma and inflammation
stage II - soft callus
Stage III - Hard callus
Stage IV - remodelling
what are the types of non union ?
hypertrophic - bone forming callus, good blood supply
atrophic - requires biological enhancement , no callus formation
what does elephant foot refer to ?
the hypertrophic type of non union
what are the types of malunion ?
intra-articular
extra-articular
what is intra articular malunion associated with ?
post traumatic arthritis
what is the blood supply of the femoral head ?
retinacular arteries
what is the blood supply off the scaphoid ?
superficial palmar branch & dorsal carpal branch of radial artery
what are the causes of pre operative infections ?
open to environment and opportunistic infections
what are the causes of intra-operative infections ?
inoculation during fixation
what are the causes of postoperative infections ?
wound dehiscence
hematogenous spread
what is the management of open fracture infection ?
early antibiotics
early and aggressive debridement
stabilisation and definitive fixation
what is thee management of intra/post operative infections ?
removal of biofilm
debridement
washout
antibiotics
what nerve is affected in shoulder dislocation and proximal humerus ?
axillary nerve
what nerve is affected in humeral shaft fracture ?
radial nerve
what is a holstein lewis fracture ?
spiral fracture of the distal humerus
