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ortho > disorders of the hand > Flashcards

disorders of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three group of muscles of the hand ?

A

long extensors
long flexors
intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

where does a ganglion cyst arise from ?

A

joint or tendon sheath

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3
Q

what are the causes of ganglion cysts ?

A

trauma
mucoid degeneration
synovial herniation

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4
Q

what is the most common place for ganglion cysts ?

A

scapholunate joint
dorsal wrist ganglion

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5
Q

what is the treatment for ganglion cysts ?

A

watch and wait aspirate
may need surgical excision

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6
Q

what is de quervain tenosynovitis ?

A

stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal extensor compartment

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7
Q

what are the risk factors for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis ?

A

overuse
post traumatic
postpartum

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8
Q

how is a diagnosis of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis made ?

A

radial sided wrist pain made worse with finkelstein maneuver (ulnar deviation of a closed wrist )

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9
Q

what is trigger finger ?

A

inhibition of smooth tendon gliding due to mechanical impingement at the level of A1 pulley

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10
Q

what are the types of trigger fingers ?

A

congenital of the thumb - usually resolve
acquired - middle aged

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11
Q

what is the management of trigger finger ?

A

conservative - steroid injection
surgical - release of A1 pulley

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12
Q

what are the common congenital hand anomalies ?

A

polydactyly
syndactyly
congenital trigger thumb

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13
Q

what is dupuytren’s disease ?

A

benign proliferative disorder , characterized by decreased hand function caused by hand contractures and painful fascial nodules

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14
Q

what are the anatomic location of dupuytren’s disease ?

A

ring
small
middle
in that order

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15
Q

what are the risk factors of dupuytrens disease ?

A

alcohol
genetic
geographical

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16
Q

what test is used for the diagnosis of dupuytren’s disease ?

A

Hueston tabletop test
ask patient to lay hand flat on the table look for MCPJ or PIPJ

17
Q

what is the surgery for dupuytren’s disease ?

A

palmar fasciectomy

18
Q

what is a felon infection ?

A

pulp space infection

19
Q

what is the treatment of felon ?

A

incision and drainage

20
Q

what is pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ?

A

Infection of the synovial sheath that surrounds the flexor tendon

21
Q

what is the most common organism associated with Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ?

A

staph aureus

22
Q

what is the presentation of Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ?

A

Kanavel’s signs :
flexed posture
tenderness
pain with passive extension
fusiform swelling

23
Q

what are the different finger extensor tendon injuries ?

A

mallet finger - rupture or avulsion of distal tendon insertion
boutonniere deformity - rupture of the central slip ( flexed PIP )

24
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome and what is the presentation ?

A

median nerve entrapment neuropathy
numbing and tingling sensation of the radial 3 and a half fingers
thenar or weakness atrophy

25
Q

what is the aetiology of carpal tunnel ?

A

either decrease in the size of the canal : osteoarthritis, trauma, acromegaly
orr increase in the size of thee contents : pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, alcoholism

26
Q

what are the signs associated with carpal tunnel ?

A

tinel’s sign - tapping on the medial nerve
phalen’s test - volar flexion against gravity for 60 seconds produces symptoms

27
Q

treatment for carpal tunnel ?

A

conservative - splint, steroid injection, medication
surgery - release of the transverse carpal ligament

28
Q

what is volkmann’s ischemic contracture ?

A

deformity of the hand and wrist that is caused by contracture of forearm muscles

29
Q

what are the causes of volkmann’s ischemic contracture ?

A

following fractures
after burns
bleeding disorders

30
Q

what is the clinical picture of volkmann’s ischemic contracture ?

A

claw like hand
diminished sensation
loss of hand function

ortho (15 decks)

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