Shoulder

Question 1

Muscles impinging on acromion in overhead activity

Generally treated conservatively

Answer 1

Impingement Syndrome

Caused by repetitive micro trauma from upper extremity activity performed above horizontal plane

Question 2

A tear in one of the rotator cuff muscle tendons

Some patients don’t regain full motion after a tear, even after treatment

Answer 2

Rotator Cuff Tear

Caused by trauma, repetitive micro trauma, or postural abnormalities

Question 3

Compression fracture of posterior humeral head

Treatments are complex, and are done mainly for the instability it causes

Answer 3

Hill Sachs Lesion

Associated with anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 4

Tearing of superior glenoid labrum from anterior to posterior

Without surgery, full recovery is very rare

Answer 4

SLAP lesion

Occur from damage to the superior part of the labrum

Question 5

Injury to the anterior glenoid labrum. The posterior capsule may be stretched and the inferior glenohumeral ligament is torn

Will heal on their own and generally don’t require surgery

Answer 5

Bankart Lesion

Associated with anterior shoulder dislocation (often is accompanied by the Hill-Sachs Lesion)

Question 6

Inflammation and stiffness of the shoulder capsule

If PT measures are unsuccessful, surgery may be used, especially in severe cases

Answer 6

Adhesive Capsulitis

Caused by adhesive fibrosis and scarring between capsule/RC/subacromial bursa/deltoid, or trauma/direct injury

Question 7

Unilateral contracture of SCM

A small number of cases require surgery to release the muscle

Answer 7

Congenital Torticollis

Caused by malpositioning in utero or birth trauma