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Locomotor > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

The bony ring of clavicle, acromion and scapula

And the acromioclavicular joint

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2
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior shoulder/top arm/ peck region

A 
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Deltoid
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Brachialis 
Pectoralis major 
Serratus anterior
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3
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior region of the shoulder/ back

A 
Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Deltoid
Teres minor 
Teres major
Triceps lateral 
Triceps long
Latissimus dorsi
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4
Q

Describe the pectoral girdle

What are it’s properties and how does this affect its function

A

Doesn’t go all the way around posteriorly
Not attached to the vertebral column
Attached by muscles

Very flexible and movable

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5
Q

What are the deltoids?

A

Muscles in your shoulder that makes it look round

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6
Q

Which joint joins the arm to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular

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7
Q

Where does the humerus articulate at the shoulder joint?

A

The glenoid fossa in the scapula

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8
Q

What is the function of the acromion?

A

Keeps the arm away from the thorax

Freedom of movement

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9
Q

Describe the shape of the clavicle, and it’s function

A

S shaped

Increases resilience

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10
Q

What does the clavicle protect?

A

Brachial plexus
Major underlying vessels (axillary artery and vein)
Apex of lung

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11
Q

Describe the shape of the scapula, what is its location?

A

Triangular flat home
Posterolateral aspect of the thorax
2nd-7th ribs

Spine ridge posteriorly separates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

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12
Q

What is the ‘point of the shoulder’

A

Acromion

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13
Q

What do the rhomboid muscles do?

A

Retraction muscles of back
Pulls shoulder back to the vertebrae
Medial to the scapula

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14
Q

What do the levator scapulae muscles do?

A

Attaches to the top of the scapula and lifts it

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15
Q

Describe the anterior osteology of the scapula

A

Acromion
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Subscapular fossa

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16
Q

Describe the posterior osteology of the scapula

A 
Supraspinous fossa
Coracoid process
Acromion
Neck of the scapula
Infraspinous fossa
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17
Q

Describe the lateral osteology of the scapula

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Lateral border

18
Q

Which muscle elevates the scapula?

A

Trapezius (descending)

19
Q

Which muscle depresses the scapula?

A

None

Just gravity

20
Q

Which muscle protracts the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

21
Q

Which muscle causes upward rotation of the scapula?

A 
Trapezius (descending)
Serratus anterior (inferior)
22
Q

Which muscle causes downward rotation of the scapula?

A

Lattisimus dorsi

23
Q

Name the different structures around the glenohumeral joint

A 
Subacromial bursa
Acromion
Clavicle
Articular cartilage
Glenoid labrum 
Fibrous capsule 
Synovial membrane
Long head of the biceps tendon
24
Q

Name the ligaments around the glenohumeral joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular
Coracoacromial
Transverse humeral ligament

25
Q

What movements does the shoulder do?

A

Flexion - extension
Abduction - adduction
Medial - lateral rotation
Circumspection (combo of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

26
Q

What are flexors?

A

Muscles anteriorly that bring the arm into flexion

27
Q

What muscles act to flex the glenohumeral joint?

A

Chief flexors:
Pectoralis major (clavicular part)
Deltoid (anterior part)

28
Q

Which muscles act to stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A

Anterior:
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii

Posterior:
Teres major
Long head of the triceps brachii

29
Q

Which muscles act to extend the glenohumeral joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Deltoid (posterior fibres)

30
Q

Which muscles act to abduct the glenohumeral joint?

A

Deltoid (all parts especially the Central fibres) - posterior, central and anterior

Deltoid can’t start abduction as they are too lateral,
Supraspinatus starts the first 10 degrees of abduction

Supraspinatus and deltoid: 10 degrees to 110 degrees

Deltoid only: 110 degrees to 180 degrees

31
Q

What are the names of the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

32
Q

Where do the 4 rotator cuff muscles attach?

A

Attach to the greater tuberosity
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Attach to the lesser tuberosity
Subscapularis

33
Q

Which muscles are the chief adductors of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Pectoralis major
Lattisimus dorsi

(Gravity is the prime mover)

34
Q

Chief medial rotator

A

Subscapularis

35
Q

Chief lateral rotator

A

Infraspinatus

36
Q

What does the sensory axillary nerve innervate?

A

Regimental badge

37
Q

What happens at an 180 degree shoulder abduction?

A

120 degrees at the glenohumeral joint
60 degrees at the scapulothoracic joint

2:1 ratio

38
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

A

Glenoid cavity of the scapula
That is lined with glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage)
The fibrous joint capsule is loose and baggy

39
Q

What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexion-extension
Abduction-adduction
Medial and lateral rotation
Circumduction (combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

40
Q

Why is there a large freedom of movement at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Laxity of the articular capsule

Large humeral head compared to shallow/small glenoid cavity

Locomotor (10 decks)

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