Short-Term Memory - Week 5 Flashcards
modal model of memory
1) input
2) sensory memory
3) short-term memory
4a) rehearsal
4b) long-term memory
4c) output
sensory information
holds all information for a fraction of a second
short-term memory
holds about 5-9 items for 15-30 seconds
rehearsal
helps keep the information circulating in short-term memory
long-term memory
holds incredibly large amounts of information for an incredibly long period of time and possibly indefinitely
output
is from the stm alone or from longer-term information placed in stm
false memory
confidence doesn’t equal accuracy
-can create a memory if it correlates with another memory
iconic memory
a visual sensory memory that lasts about 1.5 seconds
*can see something again
echoic memory
an auditory sensory memory that lasts about 2.5 seconds
*can’t hear something again
proactive interference
older information gets in the way of retaining new information
retroactive interference
older information being pushed out because of newer information
chunking
grouping information together is a way of increasing the amount of information that can be placed within STM
chunks are always meaningful
visual rehearsal
recalling based upon shape
verbal rehearsal
recalling based upon sound
experimental trilogy
sounds
-non-similar sounding are easier to remember
length
-shorter words are better to understand
interference
-easier to remember when there’s no interference between words
working memory
1) central executive
2a) phonological loop
2b) visuospatial sketch pad
3) long-term knowledge systems
phonological loop
a limited capacity store that helps with the retrieval of auditory and verbal information
phonological similarity effect
the idea of a specialized memory center for language, with similar sounding stimuli scuppering sense
word-length effect
supports the finite duration of this tape loop
articulatory suppression
overloads the phonological loop and reduces similarity and word-length effects
visuospatial sketch pad
temporary visual and spatial information is held
central executive
coordinate loops and pads during divided attention, and to suppress irrelevant information
episodic buffer
very recent
a back-up store to assist in working memory
battle of systems
MODAL MODEL
-stm connects with the ltm
-stm is sensitive to control functions
-stm is a discrete unit
-stm is concerned with information storage and retrieval
battle of systems
WORKING MEMORY
-wm connects with ltm
-wm is sensitive to central executive
-wm is split into subunits
-wm is concerned with information manipulation
