Knowledge - Week 9a

Question 1

prototype

Answer 1

a synthesized average category member. exact features!

I.e. what is a chair?

Question 2

exemplars

Answer 2

actual average category members. broad with similarities!

I.e. what’s a game?

Question 3

prototype: named first in a list

Answer 3

High prototypical examples are more accessible because they are offered first

Question 4

prototype: quicker in sentence verification

Answer 4

quicker to verify when high prototypical examples are present

Question 5

prototype: more affected by priming

Answer 5

being g primed with a word makes the same/different task easier when the primed word is preset relative to when it’s not

Question 6

practical prototype

Answer 6

the composition of several images/ideas arrives at a prototypical average

I.e. bill clinton’s face

Question 7

level of entry

Answer 7

superordinate
- few common features (vehicle)

basic level
- general terms (car, tuck, bicycle)

subordinate
- many common features (ford, chevy, pickup, van, road, trail)

Question 8

cognitive economy

Answer 8

the type of information held at each level

superordinate (animal)
- has skin, can move around, eats, breathes

basic (bird)
- has wings, can fly, has feathers

subordinate (canary)
- can sing, is yellow

Question 9

connectionist network

Answer 9

an interconnected hierarchical system

1) stimulus
2) input units
3) hidden units
4) output units

Question 10

feedback activation

Answer 10

top-down processing that takes advantage of our knowledge and understanding of “what goes where”

I.e. Q typically goes first and I followed by a U majority of the time

Question 11

iterative learning

Answer 11

using an initial random distribution in connection weights will probably result in an incorrect output

Question 12

back propagation

Answer 12

weights are adjusted back through the system to minimize error between input and output

Question 13

connectionism

Answer 13

1) grows older and gracefully
- damage to units doesn’t completely destroy performance

2) allows for generalization of learning
- similar patterns

3) biological connections with the brain
- parallel and distributed

Question 14

sensory-functional hypothesis

Answer 14

category-specific deficits between animals (sensory) and artifacts (functional)

Question 15

multiple-factor approach

Answer 15

actions and sensory properties are both important in respect to some categories