Attention - Week 4 Flashcards
selective attention
the attempts of withdrawing our attention from certain aspects of our sensory environment in order to focus on other aspects
divided attention
our attempts to focus on more than one thing at once
attentional capture
certain stimuli or events automatically draw attention to themselves. visual scanning is a result
distraction
one stimulus interrupts our ability to pay attention to another
more goal-oriented rather than stimulus-driven
shadowing
being unable to retain information from the ear to which attention was averted from. only gross properties were retainable (if there was a message, and the sex of the speaker)
early selection
attention operates on the basis of physical characteristics
late selection
attention operates only after meaning has been processed
intermediate selection
attention operates at physical, linguistic, or sematic level
perceptual load
low load
-very little distractors
high load
-many distractors
*high load is difficult for anyone, even gamers
stroop effect
the failure of selective attention where certain aspects of our environment is difficult to ignore
stimulus-driven capture
out of control
when processing commonality or to be aware in potentially dangerous stimuli
strategic capture
in our control
goal-directed action. may ignore other bits of the environment
pre-cueing
in terms environmental expectations. all things begin equal, enhances reaction times if the cueing is valid
no-double cue
when the stimulus is going to arrive (alerting benefit)
center-spatial cue
where the stimulus is going to arrive (orienting benefit)
space-based visual
more likely to believe that the the stimulus will appear on the same object than the closer one
presentation to perception
the use of bottom-up information in order to be able to interpret an object stimulus (colour, shape, and size)
illusory conjunctions
reduced with top down information or increased with damage to the parietal lobe
controlled processes
-conscious control
-demand effort
-slow to perform
-performed serially
automatic processes
after training:
-no conscious control
-demand less effort
-fast to perform
-performed in parallel
factors of attention success
-environmental complexity
-environmental threat
-number of attentional sources
-number of distracting sources
-nature of relevant information
-nature of irrelevant information
