Perception - Week 3

Question 1

inverse projection problem

Answer 1

for any 2D image, there are an infinite number of 3D shapes that could have produced it

Question 2

size perception

Answer 2

a regular sized object far away, or a smaller sized object very close

Question 3

moon illusion

Answer 3

horizon cues can influence the size to which we perceive the moon

Question 4

transitional probabilities

Answer 4

certain sounds are more likely to be paired together than others

(par-ty vs. ty-go)

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

distal stimuli encodes and converts sensory into proximal stimuli

can take place over distances or at a point of contact

Question 6

symbolism

Answer 6

the representation of a combination of various stimuli to encode different things

Question 7

organization

Answer 7

neurons at each stage of processing are arranged in a highly organized way according to the sense of nature

Question 8

selectivity

Answer 8

different types of cells prefer certain types of stimulation over others

Question 9

hierarchies

Answer 9

perceptual processing involves a series of stages, each stage being transformed into the next

Question 10

tailoring

Answer 10

characteristics that are tailored due to the environment one is in

Question 11

thresholds

Answer 11

the minimum amount of stimulation that is required in order to evoke a perceptual stimulation

just noticeable differences
-the amount of change required in order to “just” see a difference

sensory adaptations
-being exposed to a stimulus of the same intensity for a prolonged duration

Question 12

decision rules

Answer 12

top-down decisions are made in the circumstances to which perceptual information is incomplete or ambiguous

Question 13

clues to recognition

Answer 13

the chances of choosing the most likely circumstance when interpretating

Question 14

opponency theory

Answer 14

how red, blue, and green cones interact with one another and other colour sensations

Question 15

gestalt:
pragnanz

Answer 15

every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible

Question 16

gestalt:
similarity

Answer 16

similar things tend to be grouped together

Question 17

gestalt:
proximity

Answer 17

things that are near each other appear to be grouped together

Question 18

gestalt:
closure

Answer 18

the propensity to see closed rather than open forms

Question 19

gestalt:
good continuation

Answer 19

lines are seen as following the smoothest path up to a point

Question 20

gestalt:
common fate

Answer 20

things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together

Question 21

gestalt:
familiarity

Answer 21

groupings are more likely when we recognize what we see

Question 22

gestalt:
light from above

Answer 22

most light in our environment comes from above

Question 23

gestalt:
occlusion

Answer 23

when a larger object is partially covered by a smaller occluding object, we see the larger object as continuing behind the smaller occluder

Question 24

bayesian inference

Answer 24

prior x likelihood = conclusion

*you are only as good as what you know

Question 25

dorsal pathway

Answer 25

to the parietal lobe for object identification (where)

Question 26

ventral pathway

Answer 26

to temporal lobe for for object identification (what)

Question 27

patient df

Answer 27

non-action-based responses affected

struggled to understand the where, but was able to understand the what