Perception - Week 3 Flashcards
inverse projection problem
for any 2D image, there are an infinite number of 3D shapes that could have produced it
size perception
a regular sized object far away, or a smaller sized object very close
moon illusion
horizon cues can influence the size to which we perceive the moon
transitional probabilities
certain sounds are more likely to be paired together than others
(par-ty vs. ty-go)
transduction
distal stimuli encodes and converts sensory into proximal stimuli
can take place over distances or at a point of contact
symbolism
the representation of a combination of various stimuli to encode different things
organization
neurons at each stage of processing are arranged in a highly organized way according to the sense of nature
selectivity
different types of cells prefer certain types of stimulation over others
hierarchies
perceptual processing involves a series of stages, each stage being transformed into the next
tailoring
characteristics that are tailored due to the environment one is in
thresholds
the minimum amount of stimulation that is required in order to evoke a perceptual stimulation
just noticeable differences
-the amount of change required in order to “just” see a difference
sensory adaptations
-being exposed to a stimulus of the same intensity for a prolonged duration
decision rules
top-down decisions are made in the circumstances to which perceptual information is incomplete or ambiguous
clues to recognition
the chances of choosing the most likely circumstance when interpretating
opponency theory
how red, blue, and green cones interact with one another and other colour sensations
gestalt:
pragnanz
every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
gestalt:
similarity
similar things tend to be grouped together
gestalt:
proximity
things that are near each other appear to be grouped together
gestalt:
closure
the propensity to see closed rather than open forms
gestalt:
good continuation
lines are seen as following the smoothest path up to a point
gestalt:
common fate
things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together
gestalt:
familiarity
groupings are more likely when we recognize what we see
gestalt:
light from above
most light in our environment comes from above
gestalt:
occlusion
when a larger object is partially covered by a smaller occluding object, we see the larger object as continuing behind the smaller occluder
bayesian inference
prior x likelihood = conclusion
*you are only as good as what you know
dorsal pathway
to the parietal lobe for object identification (where)
ventral pathway
to temporal lobe for for object identification (what)
patient df
non-action-based responses affected
struggled to understand the where, but was able to understand the what
