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chemistry > Short Questions - Q4 > Flashcards

Short Questions - Q4 Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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2
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration to fill a container

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4
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst

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5
Q

Name the stages 1-5 of mass spectrometry

A
  1. Vaporisation
  2. Ionisation
  3. Acceleration
  4. Separation
  5. Detection
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6
Q

Explain Dobereiner’s contribution to the development of the periodic table

A

Triads have similar properties
The atomic mass of one is the average of the other two
Mass number is the average of the other two

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7
Q

What colour is observed in a flame test on a salt of 1. Lithium 2. Copper ?

A
  1. Crimson
  2. Blue - green
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8
Q

State Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules under the same conditions of temperature and pressure

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9
Q

What reagents are used to confirm the presence of nitrate ions in aqueous solution?

A

Iron (II) sulfate and
Concentrated sulfuric acid

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10
Q

Which has the strongest carbon to carbon bonding :
Ethane, ethene, ethyne, benzene

A

Ethyne

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11
Q

What was the purpose of Millikan’s oil drop experiments

A

Measure charge on electron

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12
Q

What are cathode rays

A

Beams of negatively charged particles called electrons

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13
Q

State Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have equal numbers of particles

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14
Q

Two differences between a sigma and pi covalent bond

A

Sigma = head-on overlap of orbitals VS Pi = sideways overlap of orbitals
Sigma = involves any type of orbitals VS Pi = involves p orbitals
Sigma = determine shape of molecule VS Pi = do not determine shape of molecule

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15
Q

Define bond energy

A

Average amount of energy involved to break a bond of a particular type into separate atoms

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16
Q

Why is nitrogen gas unreactive

A

Triple bond
Non-polar
No unpaired electrons

17
Q

Give two reasons why real gases deviate from ideal behaviours at high pressure and low temperatures

A
  • Molecules not point masses
  • Molecules attract one another
  • Intermolecular forces
18
Q

Name the series of coloured lines in the line an emission spectrum of hydrogen corresponding to transitions of electrons from higher energy levels to the second energy level

A

Balmer

19
Q

How could you confirm the presence of sulphate ions in an aqueous solution

A

Add barium chloride to give a white precipitate

Will not dissolve when HCl added

20
Q

What colour is observed in a flame test on a salt of (i) barium, (ii) lithium

A

(i) green
(ii) crimson

21
Q

State the famous principle associated with Werner Heisenberg

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle - cannot measure both the velocity and location of an electron at the same time

22
Q

Give TWO structural features of hydrocarbons with high octane numbers

A
  • short chains
  • branches
  • rings
23
Q

Name the spectroscopic technique used to detect heavy metals, e.g. lead, in environmental analysis

A

Atomic absorption

24
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers

25
Q

What is the greenhouse effect and state one gas that contributes to it

A

Blocking of radiation by gases in the atmosphere

Carbon dioxide, methane

26
Q

Name the scientist who identified cathode rays as subatomic particles

A

J. J. Thomson

27
Q

What is the purpose of tertiary treatment of sewage?

A

Remove nitrates and phosphates

28
Q

Name two additives used to increase the octane number of a fuel

A

Oxygenate
Alcohol
Methanol
Ethanol

29
Q

What is the purpose of tertiary treatment of sewage

A

Remove nitrates and phosphates

30
Q

Stave two properties of transition metals

A

Coloured compounds
Variable valency
Act as catalysts
Form complex ions

31
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum combined energy of colliding particles for reaction to take place between them

32
Q

Name the scientist shown in the photograph, whose experiments on the
bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles provided evidence of
neutral particles in the nucleus

A

James Chadwick

33
Q

Give two possible shapes of molecule AB2

A

Linear
V-shaped

34
Q

Give two possible shapes of molecule AB3

A

Triangular planar
Pyramidal

35
Q

Give two possible shapes of molecule AB4

A

Tetrahedral

chemistry (27 decks)

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