Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Organic Compounds (chpt. 22) > Flashcards

Organic Compounds (chpt. 22) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chloroalkane

A

A compound in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule have been replaced by chlorine atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What form do chloroalkanes take at room temperature

A

Mostly liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main use of chloroalkanes

A

Solvents for removing oil and grease marks from machinery and the dry cleaning of clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical properties of chloroalkanes

A
  • readily dissolve in non polar solvents (e.g. cyclohexane)
  • mostly liquid at room temp
  • high boiling points due to van de Waals forces between the molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound or series of organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary alcohol

A

One with a carbon atom joined to the (-OH) hydroxyl group is attached only one other carbon atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary alcohol

A

One where the carbon atoms joined to the (-OH) hydroxyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tertiary alcohol

A

One where the carbon atom join to the (-OH) hydroxyl group is attached to 3 other carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functional group of alcohols

A

Hydroxyl group
(-OH )
Change ending to -anol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is methanol added to industrial alcohol

A

Methanol is toxic so it prevents people drinking it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uses of ethanol

A

Alcoholic drinks (fermentation)
Solvent in perfumes and deodorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do alcohols have high boiling points

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Properties of Alcohols

A
  • high boiling points (hydrogen bonds)
  • liquid at room temp
  • lower members completely miscible with water
  • solubility in water decreases with length of carbon chain
  • all alcohols quite soluble in organic solvents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional group of aldehydes

A

Carbonyl group
(-CHO)
Ending is -anal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of an aromatic aldehyde

A

Benzaldehyde (almonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where can an aromatic aldehyde be found

A

Benzaldehyde in almonds

17
Q

Properties of Aldehydes

A
  • higher boiling points than alkanes
  • lower boiling point than alcohols
  • mostly liquid at room temp ( methanal - gas)
  • lower members highly soluble in water
  • solubility in water decreases with length of carbon chain due to insoluble alkyl portion
  • all aldehydes quite soluble in organic solvents
18
Q

Properties of ketones

A
  • higher boiling points than alkanes
  • lower boiling point than alcohols
  • liquid at room temp
  • lower members highly soluble in water
  • solubility in water decreases with length of carbon chain due to insoluble alkyl portion
  • all ketones quite soluble in organic solvents
19
Q

Functional group of ketones

A

C = O
(C double bond O)
- located in middle

20
Q

Use of ketones

A

Propanone is acetone
Used as nail varnish remover

21
Q

Where is methanoic acid found

A

Nettle stings

22
Q

Where is ethanoic acid found

A

Vinegar

23
Q

How is propanoic acid used

A

Food preservative

24
Q

Properties of carboxylic acids

A
  • hydrogen bonds
  • methanoic + ethanoic = liquids
  • propanoic + butanoic = solids
  • short chain soluble in water due to polar COOH
  • soluble in non-polar solvents e.g. cyclohexane
  • higher boiling points than alcohols due to hydrogen bonds
25
Q

Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols

A

Hydrogen bonds in carboxylic acids

26
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the loss of a smaller molecule such as water

27
Q

Structure of aromatic compounds

A

Benzene ring structure

28
Q

Examples of aromatic compounds

A

Aspirin
Paracetamol
Penicillin

29
Q

Steam distillation

A

A separation process used to isolate compounds at temperatures below their decomposition temperatures. It is carried out by bubbling steam through the material and distilling odd the immiscible liquids

30
Q

Emulsion

A

A dispersion of small droplets of one liquid in another liquid in which it is not soluble

31
Q

Liquid-liquid extraction

A

A technique in which two immiscible liquids are separated using a solvent in which one of the components of the mixture has a higher solubility than the other

Chemistry (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions