Chemical Equilibrium (chpt. 17) Flashcards
Chemical / dynamic equilibrium
The rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the backward reaction
Dynamic state
Reactants continuously forming products, products are continuously forming reactants
Reversible reactions
Products react to give back reactants
Le Chatelier’s principle
If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system readjusts to relieve the stress applied
Ideal conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the haber process
High pressure & low temperature
Ideal conditions for the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the contact process
High pressure & low temperature
When the forward reaction is endothermic, what is the ideal temperature?
High temperature
When the forward reaction is exothermic, what is the ideal temperature?
Low temperature
What happens when you increase the pressure of a reaction
Drives reaction towards side with fewer molecules
What happens when you increase the concentration of one side of the reaction
Drives the reaction towards the other side to oppose the stress
How does the use of a catalyst effect product yield?
No effect
What is kc
The equilibrium constant
→ indicates the extent the reaction has gone to completion
What is an advantage of using a catalyst in equilibrium reactions?
Reaction is faster
Equilibrium reached faster
More cost effective
Takes less time to reach equilibrium
Explain chemical equilibrium in terms of rates of reaction
The state in which the forward and reverse reactions are equal
Explain chemical equilibrium in terms of the concentrations of the substances involved
The state in which these concentrations are constant
