shoots

Question 1

stem

Answer 1

typically the above ground portion of a plant making up greater than 50% of the biomass

Question 2

jobs of the shoots

Answer 2

transport between roots and leaves, provide structural support for leaves to maximize access to sunlight, may be used as storage for carbs and water

Question 3

node

Answer 3

where leaves are attached to the stem

Question 4

internodes

Answer 4

space between nodes

Question 5

leaf axil

Answer 5

space between the leaf and the stem

Question 6

axillary bud

Answer 6

undifferentiated cells capable of developing into branches, located above leaves at nodes

Question 7

terminal bud

Answer 7

bud that elongates the existing branch

Question 8

phyllotaxy

Answer 8

arrangement of leaves on a stem
alternate - 1 leaf per node
opposite - 2 leaves per node
whorled - 3 or more leaves per node

Question 9

vascular cambium

Answer 9

secondary meristematic tissue that gives rise to wood, located in a ring through the vascular bundles separating the xylem and phloem

Question 10

colenchyma

Answer 10

present in pockets right under the epidermis

Question 11

stolon

Answer 11

horizontal stems that are above ground
ex: strawberries

Question 12

rhizome

Answer 12

horizontal stems buried under ground
ex: ginger

Question 13

storage stems

Answer 13

store carbohydrates underground

Question 14

bulbs

Answer 14

short vertical storage stems, surrounded by fleshy leaves

Question 15

corms

Answer 15

storage stems similar to bulbs with no leaves

Question 16

tubers

Answer 16

horizontal storage stems

Question 17

adaxial surface

Answer 17

top surface of a leaf pointing towards the sun and stem

Question 18

abaxial surface

Answer 18

underside of a leaf

Question 19

leaf veins

Answer 19

parallel in monocots, branched in eudicots

Question 20

mesophyll

Answer 20

ground tissue in leaves

Question 21

palisade mesophyll

Answer 21

tightly packed linear cells along the adaxial surface that funnel light into the leaf

Question 22

spongy mesophyll

Answer 22

spread out cells below the palisade mesophyll in leaves, lots of air space to allow light to bounce around and increase the chance of it hitting chlorophyll

Question 23

cuticle

Answer 23

surrounds the epidermis of leaves to prevent water loss and light damage

Question 24

stomata

Answer 24

embedded in the epidermis of leaves made up of 2 guard cells which control opening and closing with water

Question 25

mesophytes

Answer 25

plants adapted for temperate regions

Question 26

hydrophytes

Answer 26

plants adapted for aquatic growth, have large amounts of airspace

Question 27

xerophytes

Answer 27

plants adapted for extreme dry environments, thick adaxial epidermis, and sunken stomatas

Question 28

bulliform cells

Answer 28

found in the leaves of some grasses on the adaxial epidermis above the midvein, large cells that take in water and export it shrinking the cells causing the leaf to fold preventing water loss

Question 29

reticulate veins

Answer 29

branched veins present in eudicots

Question 30

simple leaves

Answer 30

1 per petiole

Question 31

compound leaves

Answer 31

one leaf divided into smaller leaflets

Question 32

abscission layer

Answer 32

layer of suberin placed prior to leaf abscission to protect the plant

Question 33

leaf scars

Answer 33

visible marks where leaves fell off of woody plants

Question 34

bud scales

Answer 34

cover the axillary and terminal buds in woody plants that fall off in the spring to grow leaving bud scale scars