external growth factors

Question 1

tropisms

Answer 1

bending or moving to or away from a stimulus

Question 2

phototropism

Answer 2

response to light

Question 3

gravitropism

Answer 3

response to gravity

Question 4

thigmotropism

Answer 4

response to touch

Question 5

morphogenic response

Answer 5

changes in plant development

Question 6

nastic response

Answer 6

movement without directionality such as opening or closing

Question 7

krummholz anatomy

Answer 7

twisted wood morphology in windy environments, thigmomorphic response to wind

Question 8

pulvinus

Answer 8

control leaves folding in and out by intake or release of water

Question 9

nyctinastic response

Answer 9

movement in response to day night cycles

Question 10

photo stimuli responses

Answer 10

how plants respond to light

Question 11

blue light receptors

Answer 11

absorb blue light

Question 12

cryptochrome and phototropins

Answer 12

instruct auxin where to go in response to light absorption, cryptochrome responsible for circadian rhythms in animals

Question 13

phytochrome

Answer 13

absorb red and far red light, exist in Pr and Pfr isomers, when Pr absorbs red light it is converted to Pfr which is the biologically active form, it enters the nucleus and and triggers genes to stop vertical growth

Question 14

effects of phytochrome

Answer 14

seed germination triggered by red light
shading response in understory plants
photoperiodism

Question 15

shading response

Answer 15

increased far red light means increased Pr and normal stem elongation occurs, when the canopy breaks Pfr increases slowing growth and causing branching

Question 16

photoperiodism

Answer 16

phytochrome syncs circadian rhythms with changing day lengths which also affects flowering

Question 17

day neutral plants

Answer 17

flower regardless of day length, capable of flowering year round

Question 18

long and short day plants

Answer 18

flower in response to the period of darkness at night