plant nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

essential nutrients

A

affect some aspect of plant growth or development, not all nutrients in a plant are essential

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2
Q

phytoremediation

A

planting toxin resistant plants in contaminated soils to draw up toxins, must be harvested to prevent releasing them back

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3
Q

macronutrients

A

make up more than 1000mg/kg of dry plant mass greater than 0.1%

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4
Q

micronutrients

A

make up less than 100mg/kg of dry plant mass less than 0.01%

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5
Q

deer on the isle of rum

A

turned to carnivory of chicks for a calcium source due to lack of nutrients available from plants

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6
Q

structural nutrients

A

nutrients are present in essential molecules; S, Mg, N, C, H, O, Ca

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7
Q

ionic nutrients

A

set up ion gradients; K, Cl, H

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8
Q

enzymatic nutrients

A

can be a part of an enzyme or a cofactor; Ca, Fe, K, Mn

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9
Q

cations

A

bound to negatively charged soil particles absorbed through cation exchange

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10
Q

anions

A

unable to bind to the soil causing them to leach when it rains, makes them limiting nutrients

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11
Q

cation exchange

A

cations bound to the soil are exchanged hydrogen cations to release the nutrient cations for plants to uptake them; plants prefer acidic soils

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12
Q

ways plants increase soil acidity

A

passively releasing CO2 which reacts with water giving off H+ ions or by actively pumping out H+

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13
Q

biochemical cycling

A

releases nutrients into soil for plants to use in ecosystems through a mixture of geological and biological processes

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14
Q

The Nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere as gaseous N2 but plants can only use NH4 or NO3, NO3 is preferred; Nitrogen fixation to nitrification to ammonification to denitrification

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15
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

can be done by nitrogen fixing bacteria or lightning converting N2 in the air to ammonia in the soil

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16
Q

nitrification

A

another bacteria converts ammonia to nitrates which are used by plants and then consumed by animals

17
Q

ammonification

A

decomposing organic matter releases organic nitrogen which is converted by bacteria to ammonia

18
Q

denitrification

A

bacteria convert nitrates back to N2 in the air

19
Q

ways humans altered the nitrogen cycle

A

combustion of fossil fuels produce NOx gas, atmospheric Nitrogen deposition brings NOx gases back down to earth as fixed nitrogen, reduction of wetlands and swamps decreases denitrification, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers, increased manure, increased legume farming increases nitrogen fixation

20
Q

eutrophication

A

excess nutrients in an ecosystem caused by increased nitrogen or phosphorous, most problematic in aquatic communities causing algal blooms which block sunlight, suck up oxygen, and secrete toxins

21
Q

phosphorous cycle

A

important for DNA and cell membranes, erodes off the bedrock into the soil for plants to take it up, collection for fertilizers and detergent causes eutrophication

22
Q

carnivory

A

method developed to cope with low nutrient soils, plants get N and P from animals and still undergo photosynthesis

22
Q

PA carnivorous plants

A

sundew, pitcher plant, bladderwort

23
Q

coprophagy

A

method to cope with low nutrient soil by consuming poop in a symbiotic relationship with small mammals