shockry ruminants, repro, hormones Flashcards
how do you close the esophageal groove?
oral copper sulfate (5% calves, 2% lambs)
oral sodium bicarbonate (10% calves)
milk
how do you treat rumen bloat?
poloxalene
docusate sodium
(they reduce surface tensions causing release of gas from rumen fluid)
how do you treat rumen atony(stasis)
cholinergics: bethanechol and neostigmine SQ ONLY
bitter: ginger, capsicum, methyl salicylate
magnesium hydroxide: anatacid, laxataive, adsorbent
how do you treat rumen acidosis?
balanced diet
+
magnesium salts
+
soidum bicarb IV
+ fluids
how do you treat urea poisoning?
Acetic acid with 5% vinegar and COLD water
how to you treat bovine ketosis?
IV: Glucose 50%, fructose, sorbitol,
PO: propylene gllycol, ammonium lactate, sodium proprionate
What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in large animals?
- txt follicular cysts in cattle
- induce ovulation in mare
- stimulate testosterone secreteion for presence of a testicle
What does Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) aka LH do in small animals?
- txt follicular cyst in bitches
- induce ovulation in cats
- cryptochidism in dogs
what does equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) aka FSH do?
- stimulates follicular growth in anestrous animals
- FSH/hCG combo induces estrus in prepuberal gilts
- induction of superovulation in cattle with PGF2
what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in large animals?
- follicular cyst in cattle
- boosting luteal formation
- induce ovulation in mare(D)
what does Gonadorelin and Deslorelin do in small animals?
- follicular cysts in bithces
- increase libido in males
- DX LH & testosterone deficiency
* * acts more like LH effects, but shorter actions which is less antigenic so it can be better*
what are the 3 androgesn?
- testosterone esters (synovex)
- trenbolone (finaplex-H)
- mibolerone (cheque)
what are the these ANDROGENS used for??
- testosterone esters (synovex)
- trenbolone (finaplex-H)
- mibolerone (cheque)
- ID cows in estrus
- growth promotor implaints in feedlots
- tx of andorgen deficiency (alopeica) in Castrated male
- suppression of estrus in dogs (M & testosterone)
- psuedoprego in bitche (M & testosterone)
what are the anabolic steroids?
- stanozolol-Dogs, cats and horses
- Boldenone- horses
what are the anabolic steroids used for??
- stanozolol- dog/cat/horse
- boldenone-horse
- improve athletic performance in horse
- cachexia & debilitating dz
- appetite stimulant long term
- nonspecific adjunctive therapy in sm. animals
- during tissue repair
what are the adverse effects of androgens and anabolic steroids?
- infertility
- masculinization
- clit enlargment in small animals
- aggression
- sodium and water retentions
- hepatotoxicty
what are the estradiol esters?
- cypionate
- propinate
- benzoate
- valerate
what is the synthetic nonseteroidal estrogen?
DES
what is the mycotoxin estrogen?
zeranol
in large aniamsl, estradiol is used in combo with progesterone or testosterone for ??
growth promotion in cattle
in large animals, zeranol is used for what?
- growth promotion in cattle and sheep
in large aniamls, estradiol valeration (luteolytic) is used in combo with progestin for?
estruc synchronization in cattle
why are estrogens used in small animals?
- mismatchihngs (for antidinatory activity) in dogs & cats (not recommended)
- urinary inconteinence, dermatitis, vaginitis
- iduction of estrus (w/o ovulation in bitches)
- antagonists to androgens in prostate hypetrophy in tumors and anal adenoma
what are adverse effects of estrogen?
- ovarian suppression followed by follicular cysts
- vaginal/uterine prolapse
- aplastic anemia and leukopenia
- bone fractures
- feminization of male
- pyometra is used in mismatching small animals
what are all the progestins?
- megestrol acetate (bitche)
- hydroxyprogesterone caproate (cats)
- altrenogest (mares)
- norgestomet implants (cattle)
- medroxyprogestrone acetate (cattle)
- progesterole CIDR (cattle insert druge release)
Progestins
suppression of esturs and synchronization of estrous cycle
- progesterone CIDR
- altregogest -mares
- norgestomet implains and norgest- heifers
progestin
growth promotrs in cattle?
- progesterone-estradiol benzoate
- melengesterol
progestin
premature labor in mares?
altrenogest
progestin -small animals
contraception and suppression of estrus?
megestrol acetate in bithces
progestins-small aniamls
behvaioral probelms and urination in male cats?
hydroxyprogestone caproate
medroxyprogesterone aceta
side effects of progestins
- pyometra
- cystic endometrial hyperplase (CEH) * most serious repro prob in biches
- mammory gland enlargment and tumors
- increased appetite
- weight gain
- lethargy
- temperament and coat change
- hyperglycemia and maybe diabetes mellitus
- inhibition of adrenal cortex
- clinical signs of acromegally ( due to stim of GH)
- progestores therapy during prego may delay or prevent partuirtion and produce masculinzation of female fetuses
what are the prostaglandins F2?
- dinoprost Tromethamine -cattle, mares, sows
- cloprostenol- cattle= S
- fenprostalene- cattle=S
- fluprostenol- mares=S
MOA of prostaglandin F2
- Activating protein kindase C and inhibit steroid synthesis
- increase intracellular free Ca mediates cell death and regression of CL
- decrease in serum progesterone
clincal uses of PGF2 in large animals?
- abortifacient in cattle from day 7-150 of gestation) CL dependent
- induction of parturition in swine & cattle
- expulsion of mummified fetus and treatment of pyo
- synchonization of estrus in cattle
- treatment of silent estrus & pyo in cattle
clinical uses of PGF2 in small animals?
- txt of uterine infections
- mismatching in the bitch
PGF2 adverse effects in small animals
- salivation, vomit, colic and diarrhea
- anxiety, pyrexa, hyperpnea and ataxia
- admin atropine before reduces SE
PGF2 side effects in horse
- sweating and colic
what are the uterine stimulant?
- oxytocin
- Prolactin Inhibitors
- bromocriptine
- cabergoline
- ergonovine
what is Oxytocin used for?
contracts SM of mammary gland and can be used to help with TXT of mastitis
- induction of parturition
- induction of milk-let down
- expulsion of placents
- expulsion of eggs in birds and reptiles
- decrease post-partum bleeding
DO NOT USE IF CLOSED CERVIX
what are Bromocriptine and Cebergoline used for?
Act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolacting causing luteolysis…(prolacting is during 2nd half of diestrus)
- mismatching in bitch and queen
- pseudoprego in bitch or queen
**cabergoline **is more effect and has fewer side effevts that bromocriptine
bromocriptine and cabergoline side effets
- vomit
- anorexia
- depression
- behavioral changes
psuedoprgo treatment
- none
- sedative (NOT DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS)
- water deprivation or furosemide (diuretic) to dcrease milk production
- androgens or estrogens to inhibit prolatin
- testosterone
- mibolerone
- DES
- USE these dopamine agonists
- bromocriptine
- cabergoline
induced abortion options
first 150 days?
5-8 months?
last month?
- 1st 150 days
- PGF2 or anolog
- 5-8 moths
- comobo of PGF2 and dexamethasone
- last month
- either dex or PGF2 alone
induction of parturition of cows
- glucocorticoids
- PGF2
induction of parturition in mares
- oxytocin (DES or estradiol cypionate can be used in CLOSED cervix 12-24 hrs befor oxytocin)
induction of parturition of SOW
- PGF2a followed by oxytocin or PGF2 alone
induction of parturition of small animals
oxytocin
expulsion of placent and TxT of pyometra
- oxytocin
- PGF2
- ergonovine
- bromocriptine
tocolytics (uterus relaxation)
inhibits oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions
- B2 agonists: terbutaline, ritodine
- magnesium sulfate
- inhalation anesthesitcs
Treatment of Aglactica (inability of produce milk
dopamine antagonist such as pehnothizaines, metoclopramine and domperidone (stimulate prolactin secretion and milk production)
DOPERIDONE (EQUI-TOX) IS THE BEST
how to treat benign prostate hyertrophy in dogs
- occurs in older dogs > 5 yrs*
- may be cuased by androgen therapy*
- castration
- megesterol acetate –> inhibits gonadotropins
- finasteride –> inhibits enzyme 5 alpha reducatiase
- GnRH antagonist
- large dose of GnRH agonist
chemical castration in dogs
- zince glucocante neutralized with arginine (neutersol)
- approved in dogs for chemical castration of pups 3-10 months old by injection of tests*
how to make a horse ejactulate
- tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) such as IMIPRAMINE (tofranil)
- alpha 2 agonist such as xylazine
- PGF2alpha
Somatotropin (growth hormone) for large animals uses
- human, bovine, porcine
- increase mild production
- enhance growth
Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in large animals
- mastitis
clincial uses for somtotropin in small animals
- pituitary dwarfism in dogs
- GH-responsive dermatosis
Adverse effects of Somatotropin (growth hormones) in small animals
- diabetes mellitus
- hypersensitivity reactions
