booots- GI exam 2 Flashcards
what are the H2 antagonist for ulcers?
cimetidine
ranitidine & nizatidine
famotidine
which _H2 agonis_t for anti-ulcers has the lowest potency?
cimetidine
what is the PGE analog used in preventing and treating NSAID ulcers?
misoprostol (cytotec)
what is the most effective, enzyme inhibitor for treating ulcers?
omeprazole
in an acidic environment this drug will be activated and will bind to ulcerated muscosal surfaces to provide physical protectin
sucralfate
what are the two prokinetic dopamine antagonists?
metoclopramide: small animals
domperidone: equine
T/F: Metoclopramide acts centrally and peripherally and is also a cholinergic agonist in the GI tract?
**True: **stimulates gastric motility and can also be an anti-emetic
T/F Domperidone has more penetration into the CNS than metoclopramide?
FASLE- Domperidone has **less **penetration into the CNS than metoclopramide?
which one posses cholinergic activity?
metoclopramide or domperidone?
metoclopramide
what are the prokinetic serotonin agonists?
cisapride
mosapride
what prokinetic serotonin agonist is availble by compounding and has a prokinetic effect on ALL parts of the GI tract?
cisapride
what prokinetic is a macrlide antibiotic that also binds with smooth muscle motilin to enchance gastric emptying
eryhtromycin
what are the two prokinetic H2 receptor antagonist?
ranitidine
nizatidine
stimulate GI motility and increase gastric emptying, LES tone, also have some cholinergic activity, mostly in canines
ranitidine and nizatidine as prokinetics have some cholinergic acitivity..what does this mean?
inhibit Acetylcholinesterase to inrease the amount of ACH
what are the two antidiarrheal opiods?
Diphenoxylate
Loperamide
these drugs work on central and peripheral opoid R to inhibit propulsive motility, i_ncrease segnmental motility_ and decrease secretion to INHIBIT defecation reflex
which opiod anti-diarrheal has a faster onset, longer duration and greater efficacy and doesn’t cross the BBB??
loperamide or diphenoxylate
loperamide
loperamide is kept out of the CNS by being pumped from P-glycoprotein so what patients should not be given this drug?
don’t use in patients with a mutation in MDR1 gene such as collies, they have a higher risk of CNS side effects
what are the anti-diarrheal GI protectents and adsorbents?
- magnesium trisilicate, hydrated aluminin suilicate
- actiavted charcoal
- bisuth subsalicylate (pepto). cleaved product is absorved so can be toxic in cats
what are the **anti-diarrheal ** anticholinergics?
- tertiary: atropine
- quaternary: aminopentamide..less side effects
these drugs block M1 R in the GIT to inhibit motility and secretion. DONT USE IN HORSES
what are the emollient laxatives and what is their MOA?
- **lubricants: **mineral oil & white petrolium
- **anionic surfactants: **docusate sodium
they act as mechanical or lubrcant laxatives, or fecal softerners
what are the ** simple bulk laxatives** and what is their MOA?
psylium, methycellulose, plantago seed
they adsorb water and swell, stimulating reflexive peristalic movement in the GIT
what are the osmotic cathartics and what is their MOA?
they are nonadsorbed compounds that attract water into the intestinal lumen by osmotic effect and stimulate peristalic activty
* lactulose, polyethylene glycols (miralax), sorbital, mg salts, milk of mg*
what are the irritant cathartics and what is their MOA?
they irritate the GI muscosa and stimulate peristalic activity and increased secretions
bisacodyl, anthraquinones, castor oil
what types of enemas should not be used in cats?
**DO NOT USE **phosphate-containing enemes in cats
giving an enema does what the colon and initiates what?
enemas **distend **the colon and **initiate **the defication reflex, it also introduces fluid to mix
plain warm water, sorbitol, NaCl
what are the pancreatic enzyme supplemnts
viokase
pancreazyme
raw chopped pancrease
which one has better efficacy and high concentration of pancreatic enzymes and is more $
viokase or pancreazyme
viokase
what two drugs can treat hepatic DZ?
lactulose
ursodiol (UDCA)
what drug can be used in treatment of **hepatic encephalopathy **both orally and as a retention enema?
Lactulose
when lactulose reaches the colon, microbes convert it to lactic acid which causes NH3 to form NH4 which is ionized and stuck inthe lumen and secreted in the feces
great example of ion trapping
what drug is a **bile acid ** that primarily acts as a *choleretic *which causes increased secrtion of bily and may be useful in inflamm liver dz?
ursodiol
may interfere with bile acid tests. don’t use if bile obstruction
