Shock And Sepsis

Question 1

Define shock

Answer 1

A life threatening generalised form of acute circulatory failure associated with inadequate oxygen utilisation by cells

Question 2

Classifications of shock

Answer 2

Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Obstructive

Question 3

Stages of shock

Answer 3

Initial stage
Compensation
Progressive
Refractory

Question 4

Physiology of initial stage of shock

Answer 4

Cells deprived of O2
Reduced ATP production
Switch to anaerobic metabolism- lactic acid produced

Question 5

Mechanisms of cardiovascular compensation

Answer 5

Baroreceptor under-activation-
Sympathetic nerve activated:
Tachycardia
Vasoconstriction
Decrease pulse pressure

Question 6

Renal response to shock

Answer 6

Auto regulation of GFR to maintain blood flow to Brian and heart

RAAS system

Question 7

Mechanism of ADH

Answer 7

Increases permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb water back into circulatory volume

Question 8

What is cardiogenic shock

Answer 8

Failure of the heart as a pump, reduced cardiac output

Question 9

Causes of cardiogenic shock

Answer 9

MI
Left ventricular failure

Question 10

Define distributive shock

Answer 10

Inadequate tissue perfusion due to vasodilation (+no response to vasoconstrictive agents)

Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Neurogenic

Question 11

Obstructive shock

Answer 11

Blockage of blood flow to heart or major vessels