Nervous System Flashcards
The nervous system has two main parts:
• central nervous system
• peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system is made up of:
• brain
• spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is made up of:
• nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body
What is a ganglion
• a group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery.
• categorised as either sensory ganglia or automatic ganglia
Cell bodies within the CNS are clustered into groups and known as
• Nuclei
• classifications of neurons:
• sensory/afferent
•motor/efferent: somatic, autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the supporting cells of the PNS
• Schwann cells, form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons
• Satellite cells, or ganglionic gliocytes, support neuron cell bodies within the ganglia
What is the Synapse
• functional connection between a neuron and a second cell
• transmission is in one direction, from the axon of the presynaptic neuron to the post synaptic neuron
• electrical synapse (gap junstions)
• Chemical synapse
What is the cerebrum
• largest portion of the brain. The brain region primarily responsible for higher mental functions
• left and right hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum
Frontal lobe function:
• Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles, personality, concentration, planning and higher intellectual processes and verbal communication
Parietal lobe function:
• somatesthetic interpretation
• understanding speech and formulating words to express though, emotions and textures and shapes
Temporal lobe function:
• interpretation of auditory sensations
• storage (memory) of auditory and visual experiences
Occipital lobe function:
• integration of movements in focusing the eye
• interpretation of visual images and visual experiences
• conscious perception of vision
Insula lobe function:
• memory: sensory (principally pain) and visceral integration
