Shock/Acid Base/Fluid & Electrolyte

Question 1

What is a normal CVP?

Answer 1

2-8

Question 2

What is a normal PAP?

Answer 2

15-25/5-15

Question 3

What is a normal PCWP?

Answer 3

6-12

Question 4

What is a normal CO?


Answer 4

4-8

Question 5

What is a normal CI?

Answer 5

2.5-4

Question 6

What is a normal CI?

Answer 6

2.5-4

Question 7

What is a normal SVR?

Answer 7

800-1,200

Question 8

What is a normal SVO2?

Answer 8

60-80

Question 9

Which type of shock would show the following hemodynamics? ↓CO, ↓CVP, ↓PCWP, ↑SVR, ↓SVO2

Answer 9

Hypovolemic Shock — ↓CO, ↓CVP, ↓PCWP, ↑SVR, ↓SVO2

Question 10

Which type of shock would show the following hemodynamics? ↓CO, ↑CVP, ↑PCWP, ↑SVR, ↓SVO2

Answer 10

Cardiogenic Shock — ↓CO, ↑CVP, ↑PCWP, ↑SVR, ↓SVO2

Question 11

Which type of shock would show the following hemodynamics? ↑↓CO, ↓CVP, ↓PCWP, ↓SVR, ↓SVO2

Answer 11

Distributive Shock — ↑↓CO, ↓CVP, ↓PCWP, ↓SVR, ↓SVO2

Question 12

Which type of shock would show the following hemodynamics? ↓CO, ↑CVP, -↓PCWP, ↑SVR, ↑ SVO2

Answer 12

Obstructive Shock — ↓CO, ↑CVP, -↓PCWP, ↑SVR, ↑ SVO2

Question 13

What are the criteria for qSOFA?

Answer 13

Hypotension (SBP ≤ 100), High respiratory rate (≥ 22), & AMS (GSC <15)

Question 14

What are the causes of HAGMA?

Answer 14

Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Propylene glycol, paraldehyde
INH, iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene Glycol
Salicylate

Question 15

What are the causes of NAGMA?

Answer 15

Hyperalimentation
Addison’s disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironalactione
Saline infusion

Question 16

What ECG changes would be apparent in hypokalemia?


Answer 16

flattening and inversion of T waves, Q-T interval prolongation, prominent U wave and mild ST depression

Question 17

How should a potassium of 2.6 without ECG abnormalities be treated?

Answer 17

oral replacement for level >2.5 without ECG abnormalities (flattening and inversion of T waves, Q-T interval prolongation, prominent U wave and mild ST depression)

Question 18

How should a potassium of 2.6 without ECG abnormalities be treated?

Answer 18

oral replacement for level >2.5 without ECG abnormalities (flattening and inversion of T waves, Q-T interval prolongation, prominent U wave and mild ST depression)

Question 19

How should a potassium of 2.4 without ECG abnormalities be treated?

Answer 19

IV replacement for level <2.5 or severe signs/symptoms

Question 20

At what point should insulin and dextrose be given for hyperkalemia?

Answer 20

Hyperkalemia — if level >6.5 or cardiac toxicity is present, give insulin and dextrose