Shock

Question 0

How long does it take baroreceptors to adapt to ambient pressure?

Answer 0

1-3 days

Question 1

What are the six negative feedback systems for blood pressure management?

Answer 1

Baroreceptor
Chemoreceptors
Central nervous system ischemic response
Hormonal mechanisms
Reabsorption of tissue fluids
Splenic discharge of stored blood

Question 2

What is the minimum cerebral perfusion pressure necessary for adequate perfusion?

Answer 2

60 mmHg

Question 3

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted from?

Answer 3

Adrenal medulla

Question 4

What does renin do?

Answer 4

Alters the structure of angiotensin to produce angiotensin 1

Question 5

What does angiotensin 1 do, and where does that happen?

Answer 5

Turned to angiotensin 2 in the lungs

Question 6

What is the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1 to 2?

Answer 6

ACE - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Question 7

What does angiotensin 2 do?

Answer 7

Vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

Question 8

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 8

Acts on the kidneys to conserve sodium and water

Question 9

What does ADH do?

Answer 9

Vasoconstriction
Decreases urine production
Increases thirst sensation

Question 10

What does atrial natriuretic hormone do?

Answer 10

Increases urine production

Question 11

Name the six kinds of shock.

Answer 11

Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
Obstructive

Question 12

What is the first stage of shock? And it is characterized by what?

Answer 12

Compensated

Vasoconstriction

Question 13

What is the second stage of shock? Characterized by what?

Answer 13

Decompensated

Capillary and could opening

Question 14

What is the third stage of shock? (According to Grote’s handout, the book lists 3 total)

Answer 14

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

This stage is reversible

Question 15

What is the final stage of shock? And what is it characterized by?

Answer 15

Irreversible shock

Multiple organ failure

Question 16

How is resuscitation of the shock victim accomplished? (3 things)

Answer 16

Ensure adequate oxygenation
Maintaining effective ratios of volume to container size
Rapidly transporting the patient

Question 17

At what point in shock would the diastolic pressure begin to drop?

Answer 17

When the deficit in fluid to container size ratio is greater than 20-25%

Question 18

At what point in shock would the systolic pressure begin to drop?

Answer 18

As deficit in fluid to container size ratio approaches 25%

Question 19

Normal saline has how much sodium?

Answer 19

154 mEq/L

Question 20

What is the most important indicator of transfusion reaction?

Answer 20

Fever

Question 21

How is the flow of fluid through a catheter related to its diameter and length?

Answer 21

A catheter with a large diameter has a much higher flow than one with a small diameter. Short catheters provide somewhat higher flow than longer catheters of equal diameter.

Question 22

Name a few key signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.

Answer 22

Thirst
Possibly trauma
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Weak thready pulse
Cool clammy skin

Question 23

Name a few key signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.

Answer 23

JVD
Tachycardia, bradycardia, or normal pulse
Chest pain
Sometimes congested lungs
Nausea and vomiting
History of cardiac problems

Question 24

Name a few key signs and symptoms of septic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.

Answer 24

Fever
Possibly congested lung sounds
Warm, hot, diaphoretic
History of illness

Question 25

Name a few key signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.

Answer 25

Bradycardia or low normal
Low respirations
Numbness to extremities
Warm dry skin
Level of consciousness

Question 26

Name a few key signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.

Answer 26

Tachycardia
Edema
Wheezing
Stridor
Red skin, urticaria
Diaphoretic