Shock Flashcards
How long does it take baroreceptors to adapt to ambient pressure?
1-3 days
What are the six negative feedback systems for blood pressure management?
Baroreceptor Chemoreceptors Central nervous system ischemic response Hormonal mechanisms Reabsorption of tissue fluids Splenic discharge of stored blood
What is the minimum cerebral perfusion pressure necessary for adequate perfusion?
60 mmHg
Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted from?
Adrenal medulla
What does renin do?
Alters the structure of angiotensin to produce angiotensin 1
What does angiotensin 1 do, and where does that happen?
Turned to angiotensin 2 in the lungs
What is the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1 to 2?
ACE - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
What does angiotensin 2 do?
Vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
What does aldosterone do?
Acts on the kidneys to conserve sodium and water
What does ADH do?
Vasoconstriction
Decreases urine production
Increases thirst sensation
What does atrial natriuretic hormone do?
Increases urine production
Name the six kinds of shock.
Hypovolemic Cardiogenic Neurogenic Anaphylactic Septic Obstructive
What is the first stage of shock? And it is characterized by what?
Compensated
Vasoconstriction
What is the second stage of shock? Characterized by what?
Decompensated
Capillary and could opening
What is the third stage of shock? (According to Grote’s handout, the book lists 3 total)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
This stage is reversible
What is the final stage of shock? And what is it characterized by?
Irreversible shock
Multiple organ failure
How is resuscitation of the shock victim accomplished? (3 things)
Ensure adequate oxygenation
Maintaining effective ratios of volume to container size
Rapidly transporting the patient
At what point in shock would the diastolic pressure begin to drop?
When the deficit in fluid to container size ratio is greater than 20-25%
At what point in shock would the systolic pressure begin to drop?
As deficit in fluid to container size ratio approaches 25%
Normal saline has how much sodium?
154 mEq/L
What is the most important indicator of transfusion reaction?
Fever
How is the flow of fluid through a catheter related to its diameter and length?
A catheter with a large diameter has a much higher flow than one with a small diameter. Short catheters provide somewhat higher flow than longer catheters of equal diameter.
Name a few key signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.
Thirst Possibly trauma Tachycardia Tachypnea Weak thready pulse Cool clammy skin
Name a few key signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.
JVD Tachycardia, bradycardia, or normal pulse Chest pain Sometimes congested lungs Nausea and vomiting History of cardiac problems
Name a few key signs and symptoms of septic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.
Fever
Possibly congested lung sounds
Warm, hot, diaphoretic
History of illness
Name a few key signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.
Bradycardia or low normal Low respirations Numbness to extremities Warm dry skin Level of consciousness
Name a few key signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Things that would differentiate it from others.
Tachycardia Edema Wheezing Stridor Red skin, urticaria Diaphoretic
