Chapter 8 Review Flashcards
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Aprocrine
Merocrine
What is the “master gland”?
Pituitary gland (anterior/posterior)
What are the effects of ADH?
Promotes retention of water in the kidneys
Vasoconstriction
Increase thirst sensation
What is another name of ADH?
Arginine Vasopressin
What does erythropoietin do?
Boosts red blood cell production
How much water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?
60-65%
How much water is reabsorbed in the loop of henle?
20-25%
How much water is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules?
5-10%
What is the amount of normal urine output for an adult?
50 ml/hr
Where is renin released from?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
What does renin make contact with to make angiotensin 1?
Angiotensinogen
Where does angiotensin 1 become angiotensin 2?
Lungs (through the angiotensin converting enzymes)
What does angiotensin 2 do in the body?
Vasoconstriction
Causes aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex
What does aldosterone do?
Causes retention of sodium (which causes a retention of water)
What does histamine do?
Causes vasodilation and capillary permeability in the local area.
What do bradykinins do?
Trigger stimulation of pain receptors
What is hyperemia?
Increased blood flow into local area (bringing more oxygen, nutrients, white blood cells)
What is ischemia?
Damage
What is infarct?
Death
What is apoptosis?
Normal everyday death of cells
What are the five ways the body gets rid of heat?
Convection Conduction Radiation Evaporation Respiration
What is perfusion?
Delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products.
What are the causes of edema?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure
Lymphatic vessel obstruction
Increased capillary permeability
What are the three primary acid/base buffer systems in the body?
Circulating bicarbonate
Respiratory system
Renal system
What is hypoxia?
Lack of oxygen in the tissues
What is hypoxemia?
Lack of oxygen in the bloodstream
What is the average stroke volume?
70 mL
What is the formula to find BP?
Cardiac output X peripheral vascular resistant
What is the formula to find MAP?
(diastolic) + (1/3 pulse pressure)
What is the formula to find pulse pressure?
systolic - diastolic
What is the formula to find CPP?
(MAP - ICP)
