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Pathophysiology > Chapter 8 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Aprocrine

Merocrine

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2
Q

What is the “master gland”?

A

Pituitary gland (anterior/posterior)

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3
Q

What are the effects of ADH?

A

Promotes retention of water in the kidneys
Vasoconstriction
Increase thirst sensation

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4
Q

What is another name of ADH?

A

Arginine Vasopressin

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5
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Boosts red blood cell production

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6
Q

How much water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

60-65%

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7
Q

How much water is reabsorbed in the loop of henle?

A

20-25%

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8
Q

How much water is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules?

A

5-10%

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9
Q

What is the amount of normal urine output for an adult?

A

50 ml/hr

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10
Q

Where is renin released from?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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11
Q

What does renin make contact with to make angiotensin 1?

A

Angiotensinogen

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12
Q

Where does angiotensin 1 become angiotensin 2?

A

Lungs (through the angiotensin converting enzymes)

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13
Q

What does angiotensin 2 do in the body?

A

Vasoconstriction

Causes aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex

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14
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Causes retention of sodium (which causes a retention of water)

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15
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Causes vasodilation and capillary permeability in the local area.

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16
Q

What do bradykinins do?

A

Trigger stimulation of pain receptors

17
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

Increased blood flow into local area (bringing more oxygen, nutrients, white blood cells)

18
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Damage

19
Q

What is infarct?

A

Death

20
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Normal everyday death of cells

21
Q

What are the five ways the body gets rid of heat?

A 
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Evaporation
Respiration
22
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products.

23
Q

What are the causes of edema?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure
Lymphatic vessel obstruction
Increased capillary permeability

24
Q

What are the three primary acid/base buffer systems in the body?

A

Circulating bicarbonate
Respiratory system
Renal system

25
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Lack of oxygen in the tissues

26
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A

Lack of oxygen in the bloodstream

27
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70 mL

28
Q

What is the formula to find BP?

A

Cardiac output X peripheral vascular resistant

29
Q

What is the formula to find MAP?

A

(diastolic) + (1/3 pulse pressure)

30
Q

What is the formula to find pulse pressure?

A

systolic - diastolic

31
Q

What is the formula to find CPP?

A

(MAP - ICP)

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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