Shock Flashcards
Types of shock
Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
Blood loss (most common cause)
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Hypovolemic shock
Other fluid loss such as vomiting & diarrhea
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Hypovolemic shock
Severe burns
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Hypovolemic shock
Heart attack or angina
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Cardiogenic shock
Severe pain and anxiety (loss of sympathetic tone)
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Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injury
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Neurogenic shock
Severe allergic reaction
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Anaphylactic shock
Severe infections
تسبب؟
Septic shock
Recognition the shock
Weakness and fainting Pale face Sweating Cold, clammy skin Rapid, weak pulse Rapid, shallow breathing Blood pressure is below normal Nausea or vomiting - Thirst In extreme cases, unconsciousness.
معنى clammy skin
بشرة رطبة
Rapid pulse
weak puls
نبض سريع
نبض ضعيف
Thirst
عطش
How to do first aid to shocked person ?
Lay victim down with legs raised & supported
Treat the cause of shock
Comfort and reassure Loosen any belt or tight clothing Cover him with a coat or blanket Monitor and record vital signs If breathing stops, perform CPR
Sepsis
تعفن الدم
Septicaemia
تسمم الدم
Aspiration
اختناق
انسداد مجرى الهواء
In case of electrical shock
Safety - Cut off current or separate victim from contact with electricity by using dry wood, cloth or rubber and begin CPR.
raise the person’s head.
خطا
Usually caused by a sudden blockage of blood
supply to heart muscle itself by a blood clot.
The main risk is that heart will stop beating.
Heart attack
Recognition heart attack (4Ps)
Pain (in the chest), Pale skin, Pulse (rapid &
weak) and Profuse sweating تعرق شديد
Chest pain:
central, persistent, radiating to jaw,
neck, shoulder, arms or back- not respond to
nitrates
Nitrates
مركبات كيميائية مسكنة للالم
First aid to heart attack
Call for help immediately.
Sit him in ‘W’ position: semi-sitting at about
75° with knees bent and head & shoulders
supported (This will open up the chest cavity and
reduce the strain on the heart. We wouldn’t want
to lay them down and elevate their legs because
that would put a massive pressure on the heart).
Give him aspirin tablet to chew slowly (if
available, not allergic and not under 16 yrs) Help him to take his medication if available Monitor and record vital signs Reassure until help arrives If become unconscious, open the airway and
check breathing, start CPR if necessary.
is caused by lake of oxygen to a
portion of the brain causing brain damage.
Stroke
Causes of stroke
rupture of blood vessel or a blood clot
(Hemorrhage/ Thrombus/ Embolus).
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
recovery occurs within 24 hrs with no residual deficit.
Risk factors for Stroke
Older age History of previous stroke Smoking Hypertension Diabetes Having heart disease
Recognition of stroke
Sudden weakness or numbness of one side of
body. Use FAST test (Face, Arms, Speech, Time).
Face: ask him to smile → smile on one side with
dribbling of saliva in the other side.
Arms: ask him to raise both → lift one arm.
Speech: ask him to speak → difficult speaking
(slurred speech – hard to understand).
Time: to call for help with any of above signs.
Severe headache, Blurred vision, unequal pupils Confusion and disorientation, Nausea, Loss of bladder or bowel control.
First Sid to stroke:
Call for help. Tell operator you have used
the FAST test and suspect a stroke Choose a healthcare facility with CT scan If unconscious, place him in recovery position If conscious, make him lie down with head and
shoulders raised & supported
Keep him comfortable, supported & reassure Loosen any belt or tight clothing Monitor & record vital signs Give oxygen if available Do not give anything to eat or drink Resuscitate if necessary Remember (In Stroke, every moment counts)
is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the vital organs, such as the brain and heart, are deprived of oxygen due to a problem affecting the circulatory system.
Shock
