HYPOGLYCEMIA& HYPERGLYCEMIA

Question 1

CAUSES OF Hypoglycemia

Answer 1

DM, epileptic seizure, excessive alcohol intake or starvation. It can also complicate heat exhaustion or hypothermia.

Question 2

seizure

Answer 2

نوبة

Question 3

Complications of Hypoglycemia

Answer 3

If left untreated seizures, coma or even death.

Question 4

Recognition features Hypoglycemia

Answer 4

There may be: • A history of diabetes • General weakness, fatigue, faintingاغماء • Headache, dizziness, confusion • Palpitations • Muscle tremors • Sweating and cold, clammy skin • Pulse may be rapid and strong • Deteriorating level of response, seizures, coma

Question 5

Palpitations

Muscle tremors

Deteriorating

Answer 5

خفقان

رعشة العضلات

تدهور

Question 6

First aid Hypoglycemia

Answer 6

Your aim is to raise the blood sugar level quickly and to obtain medical help if necessary. • Help the casualty to sit down • If he has glucose tablets or gel, help him to take them. If not, give him up to 10 gm of glucose; e.g., 100 ml glass of non-diet fizzy drink or fruit juice, 2 teaspoons of sugar or sugary sweets.
If he improves quickly, let him rest. • If he don’t improve look for other causes • Call for help and monitor vital signs. • If possible, give glucagon or IV glucose.

If consciousness is impaired, don’t give anything to eat
or drink to avoid aspiration.

Question 7

If unconscious: Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

Check the airway and check breathing.  If breathing normally, place him in recovery position.  If not breathing, call for help, start CPR.  Monitor & record vital signs and give this information
to the emergency services when arrive.

Question 8

IDDM

Answer 8

insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas (IDDM)

Question 9

NIDDM

Answer 9

insensitivity of cells to insulin (NIDDM).

Question 10

It usually occurs in undiagnosed diabetics or
uncontrolled diabetics. Diabetes is often caused due to
insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas (IDDM) or
insensitivity of cells to insulin (NIDDM).

Answer 10

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)

Question 11

hormone responsible for breaking carbohydrates into
soluble form that the cells can absorb to generate energy.

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

disturbed level of consciousness and
coma that requires urgent hospital treatment.

Answer 12

Hyperglycemia

Question 13

Recognition HYPERGLYCEMIA features: there may be

Answer 13

A history of diabetes  Excessive thirst (polydipsia)  Frequent urination (polyuria)  Increased appetite (polyphagia)  Weight loss  General weakness, fatigue

Question 14

polydipsia

Answer 14

Excessive thirst

Question 15

polyuria

Answer 15

Frequent urination

Question 16

(polyphagia

Answer 16

Increased appetite

Question 17

As the condition deteriorates, there may be:

Hyperglycemia

Answer 17

Warm, dry skin  Rapid pulse  Rapid deep breathing  Vomiting and abdominal pain  Smell of acetone in breath  Dehydration  If untreated, drowsiness, then coma.