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Sheep... > Sheep skin disease (Yr 4) > Flashcards

Sheep skin disease (Yr 4) Flashcards

1
Q

what causes orf?

A

parapos virus (zoonosis)

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2
Q

what are the clinical signs of orf?

A

vesicular/proliferative scabby lesions (mouth, head, teats)
painful lesions
teat lesions predispose to mastitis
poor growth
4-6 week duration to dry up

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3
Q

how can lambs be effected by orf?

A

interferes with sucking
lambs more commonly affected and spread to ewe via suckling

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4
Q

what is orf also known as?

A

contagious pustular dermatitis

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5
Q

how is orf spread?

A

direct contact with damaged skin/mouth (rough grazing/feed…)
more active indoors (dry conditions)

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6
Q

how is orf controlled?

A

isolate (hygiene)
clean and disinfect equipment
no treatment (treat secondary infection with antibiotics)
vaccine only on infected farms

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7
Q

is there a vaccine for orf?

A

yes - only use on confirmed infected farm as it is a live vaccine (so will infect uninfected flocks)

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8
Q

what mites are seen in sheep?

A

Psoroptes ovis (scab)
Chorioptes bovis
Trombicula

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9
Q

what are the main ticks seen in sheep?

A

Ixodes ricinus
Haemaphyllis punctuata

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10
Q

what are the main flies of concern in sheep?

A

Lucilia sericata
Hydrotea irritans

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11
Q

what is the main louse seen in sheep?

A

Bovicola ovis

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12
Q

what time of year is Psorptes ovis seen?

A

autumn/winter

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13
Q

how is Psorptes ovis transmitted?

A

direct contact and fomites

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14
Q

what are the clinical signs of Psorptes ovis (sheep scab)?

A

allergic reaction to mites…
pruritus, wool loss, scratching, distress

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15
Q

what does Psorptes ovis cause?

A

sheep scab

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16
Q

how should you sample when suspecting Psorptes ovis for a diagnosis?

A

choose itchiest worst effected sheep
sample at edge of exudative lesion (skin scrape)

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17
Q

what is the identifying feature of Psorptes ovis mites?

A

bell shaped sucker on the end pedicle

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18
Q

how can you diagnose Psorptes ovis (scab)?

A

antibody ELISA
skin scrapes

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19
Q

why is Psorptes ovis (scab) difficult to treat?

A

mite survives 17-19 days off of the host so reinfection can occur

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20
Q

how is Psorptes ovis (scab) treated?

A

dexamethasone if intensely itchy
organophosphate dip (diazinon)
macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin)

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21
Q

what organophosphate is used for Psorptes ovis (scab)?

A

diazinon (one minute dip)

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22
Q

what macrocytic lactones can be used for Psorptes ovis (scab)?

A

ivermectin, doramectin, moxidectin
(move to clean pasture after dose)

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23
Q

what is an issue with using macrocytic lactones to treat Psorptes ovis (scab)?

A

can cause resistance in GI nematodes

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24
Q

what is the distribution of Chorioptes bovis?

A

found on ventral abdomen (scrotum in males)

25
Q

what effects does Chorioptes bovis have?

A

pruritus and hypersensitivity
scrotal mange (infertility)

26
Q

how is Chorioptes bovis treated?

A

organophosphate dips (macrocytic lactones don’t work because mites don’t live deep enough)

27
Q

what is the main louse of sheep?

A

Bovicola ovis

28
Q

what type of louse is Bovicola ovis?

A

chewing

29
Q

what conditions does Bovicola ovis thrive in?

A

warm dry housing….
shearing and rainfall reduce the numbers

30
Q

how can Bovicola ovis be diagnosed?

A

part wool on back/flank and lice will be visible

31
Q

how can Bovicola ovis be treated?

A

turnout (rain, shearing, light…)
synthetic pyrethroid pour on
organophosphate dip (diazinon)

32
Q

what flies cause strike?

A

Lucilia sericata

33
Q

how does Lucilia sericata cause strike?

A

lay eggs which hatch, these produce proteolytic enzymes causing necrosis and attracting more flies

34
Q

what is the major risk factor for strike?

A

faecal soiling (lush pasture and worms) in summer months

35
Q

how can strike be treated?

A

maggots - synthetic pyrethroid pour on, deltamethrin
clean and clip area, supportive care

36
Q

what products are available to control strike?

A

organophosphate dips (diazinon)
synthetic pyrethroid pour ons
insect growth regulators (not for maggots)

37
Q

what is the head fly that affects sheep?

A

Hydrotea irritans

38
Q

what does Hydrotea irritans feed on?

A

ocular discharge (can be vector for disease spread)

39
Q

what cause ovine sweet itch?

A

hypersensitivity to midges/mosquitoes (uncommon)

40
Q

what causes peri-orbital eczema?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

41
Q

how is peri-orbital eczema treated?

A

penicillin

42
Q

what is lumpy wool caused by?

A

Dermatophillus congolesi

43
Q

what is the main risk factor for Dermatophillus congolesi?

A

wet conditions after shearing in thin wooled breeds

44
Q

what are the clinical signs of Dermatophillus congolesi?

A

crusty lesions on back and pruritus
(risk of fly strike)

45
Q

how can Dermatophillus congolesi be treated?

A

penicillin (3-5 day)

46
Q

what causes caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

47
Q

what is the main site caseous lymphadenitis is found?

A

external lymph nodes around head (parotid, submandibular…)

48
Q

how can caseous lymphadenitis be treated?

A

no effective treated (cull)

49
Q

how is CLA diagnosed?

A

culture

50
Q

what is a possible cause of abnormal wool fibres in lambs?

A

border disease (hairy shakers)
copper deficiency in growing lambs

51
Q

what are the main tick borne diseases of sheep?

A

tick borne fever
tick pyaemia
looping ill
Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)

52
Q

what causes tick borne fever?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilia

53
Q

what is the pathogenesis of tick borne fever?

A

profound immunosuppression (allows other infections)
fever causes infertility and abortions

54
Q

can sheep get immunity against tick borne fever?

A

yes - new lambs and bought in stock more susceptible

55
Q

what is the main signs of tick pyaemia?

A

polyarthritis and joint ill
spinal abscesses

56
Q

what is the causative agent of tick pyaemia?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

57
Q

what tick borne disease has a vaccine?

A

louping ill

58
Q

what drugs are available to protect against ticks?

A

organophosphate dips (diazinon)
synthetic pyrethroid pour ons

Sheep... (15 decks)

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