Neonatal lamb disease (Yr4) Flashcards
how much colostrum should a lamb be fed?
50ml/kg first feed (within 2 hours)
200ml/kg in 24 hours
how can colostrum intake be assessed?
serum total protein (should be >5.5g/dL)
how should hypothermia in lambs be treated?
administer intraperitoneal glucose then warm
(lamb will have hypoglycaemic fit otherwise)
how old are lambs effected with watery mouth?
12-72 hours old
what are the clinical signs of watery mouth?
dull and unwilling to suck
normothermic
saliva drooling from muzzle
abomasal tympany
constipation/retained meconium
what is the pathogenesis of watery mouth?
endotoxaemia (death of large numbers of gram negative bacteria… E. coli)
terminal hypoglycaemia, lactic academia and leucopenia
delayed abomasal emptying
how should watery mouth be treated?
withhold milk
glucose/electrolyte solution stomach tubed
flunixin meglumine
antibiotics (amoxicillin IM or oral neomycin/streptomycin)
what causes lamb dysentery?
Clostridium perfringens type B
what age is lamb dysentery a risk?
1-3 days old
what are the clinical signs of lamb dysentery?
haemorrhagic diarrhoea and sudden death
what can be found on post mortem of lambs with lamb dysentery?
dark red intestines, blood stained peritoneal fluid, pale friable liver
how can lamb dysentery be prevented?
vaccination of ewes with multivalent clostridial vaccines
good colostrum quality/intake
when is the risk period of enterotoxigenic E. coli?
1-2 days old
what is the main clinical sign of enterotoxigenic E. coli?
watery brown diarrhoea
what are the clinical signs of neonatal salmonellosis?
weakness, watery blood stained diarrhoea, dehydration, death (get bacteraemia and endotoxaemia)
what is the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium parvum?
causes villous atrophy in distal small intestine leading to malabsorption and diarrhoea
what is drunken lamb syndrome also known as?
lamb nephrosis
lamb D-lactic acidosis syndrome
what age lambs are effected by drunken lamb syndrome?
<2 months old
what are the clinical signs of drunken lamb syndrome?
ataxia and recumbency
no sucking
what is the supposed cause of drunken lamb syndrome?
D-lactic acidosis
how is drunken lamb syndrome treated?
oral bolus of sodium bicarbonate
what aged lambs is joint ill seen in?
<3 weeks old
what is the main pathogen causing joint ill?
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
how is joint ill treated?
penicillin (long course)
metacam
(resistance to oxytetracycline)
what causes infectious arthritis?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie
what aged lambs is infectious arthritis seen in?
6 weeks to 6 months old
what are the sources of infectious infectious arthritis?
skin wounds such as castration or docking from environment as found in faeces urine and saliva or wild birds and carrier
what antibiotics would be good for naval ill treatment?
penicillin
amoxicillin
what are the main three trace element and vitamin deficiencies in neonatal lambs?
iodine
copper (swayback)
white muscle (selenium/vitamin E)
how would iodine deficiency present in lambs?
late abortions or live lambs with poor fleece quality
how can iodine deficiency in lambs be prevented?
ewe supplementation at 8 and 4 weeks prior to lambing
what are some elements within soil that may contribute to copper deficiency?
iron, molybdenum, sulphur all antagonists
what are some clinical signs of copper deficiency in lambs?
swayback, head tremor, osteoporosis, tendon abnormalities, depigmentation of coloured wool, anaemia
how can copper deficiency be treated if required?
injections of copper
mineral drenches/supplements
capsules/boluses
what causes white muscle disease?
vitamin E and selenium deficiency
how is white muscle disease treated?
potassium selenate and vitamin E supplementation
how can entropion be treated?
surgical excision
injection (1ml penicillin SC)
pinching
wound clips
