Neonatal lamb disease (Yr4)

Question 1

how much colostrum should a lamb be fed?

Answer 1

50ml/kg first feed (within 2 hours)
200ml/kg in 24 hours

Question 2

how can colostrum intake be assessed?

Answer 2

serum total protein (should be >5.5g/dL)

Question 3

how should hypothermia in lambs be treated?

Answer 3

administer intraperitoneal glucose then warm
(lamb will have hypoglycaemic fit otherwise)

Question 4

how old are lambs effected with watery mouth?

Answer 4

12-72 hours old

Question 5

what are the clinical signs of watery mouth?

Answer 5

dull and unwilling to suck
normothermic
saliva drooling from muzzle
abomasal tympany
constipation/retained meconium

Question 6

what is the pathogenesis of watery mouth?

Answer 6

endotoxaemia (death of large numbers of gram negative bacteria… E. coli)
terminal hypoglycaemia, lactic academia and leucopenia
delayed abomasal emptying

Question 7

how should watery mouth be treated?

Answer 7

withhold milk
glucose/electrolyte solution stomach tubed
flunixin meglumine
antibiotics (amoxicillin IM or oral neomycin/streptomycin)

Question 8

what causes lamb dysentery?

Answer 8

Clostridium perfringens type B

Question 9

what age is lamb dysentery a risk?

Answer 9

1-3 days old

Question 10

what are the clinical signs of lamb dysentery?

Answer 10

haemorrhagic diarrhoea and sudden death

Question 11

what can be found on post mortem of lambs with lamb dysentery?

Answer 11

dark red intestines, blood stained peritoneal fluid, pale friable liver

Question 12

how can lamb dysentery be prevented?

Answer 12

vaccination of ewes with multivalent clostridial vaccines
good colostrum quality/intake

Question 13

when is the risk period of enterotoxigenic E. coli?

Answer 13

1-2 days old

Question 14

what is the main clinical sign of enterotoxigenic E. coli?

Answer 14

watery brown diarrhoea

Question 15

what are the clinical signs of neonatal salmonellosis?

Answer 15

weakness, watery blood stained diarrhoea, dehydration, death (get bacteraemia and endotoxaemia)

Question 16

what is the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 16

causes villous atrophy in distal small intestine leading to malabsorption and diarrhoea

Question 17

what is drunken lamb syndrome also known as?

Answer 17

lamb nephrosis
lamb D-lactic acidosis syndrome

Question 18

what age lambs are effected by drunken lamb syndrome?

Answer 18

<2 months old

Question 19

what are the clinical signs of drunken lamb syndrome?

Answer 19

ataxia and recumbency
no sucking

Question 20

what is the supposed cause of drunken lamb syndrome?

Answer 20

D-lactic acidosis

Question 21

how is drunken lamb syndrome treated?

Answer 21

oral bolus of sodium bicarbonate

Question 22

what aged lambs is joint ill seen in?

Answer 22

<3 weeks old

Question 23

what is the main pathogen causing joint ill?

Answer 23

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Question 24

how is joint ill treated?

Answer 24

penicillin (long course)
metacam
(resistance to oxytetracycline)

Question 25

what causes infectious arthritis?

Answer 25

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie

Question 26

what aged lambs is infectious arthritis seen in?

Answer 26

6 weeks to 6 months old

Question 27

what are the sources of infectious infectious arthritis?

Answer 27

skin wounds such as castration or docking from environment as found in faeces urine and saliva or wild birds and carrier

Question 28

what antibiotics would be good for naval ill treatment?

Answer 28

penicillin
amoxicillin

Question 29

what are the main three trace element and vitamin deficiencies in neonatal lambs?

Answer 29

iodine
copper (swayback)
white muscle (selenium/vitamin E)

Question 30

how would iodine deficiency present in lambs?

Answer 30

late abortions or live lambs with poor fleece quality

Question 31

how can iodine deficiency in lambs be prevented?

Answer 31

ewe supplementation at 8 and 4 weeks prior to lambing

Question 32

what are some elements within soil that may contribute to copper deficiency?

Answer 32

iron, molybdenum, sulphur all antagonists

Question 33

what are some clinical signs of copper deficiency in lambs?

Answer 33

swayback, head tremor, osteoporosis, tendon abnormalities, depigmentation of coloured wool, anaemia

Question 34

how can copper deficiency be treated if required?

Answer 34

injections of copper
mineral drenches/supplements
capsules/boluses

Question 35

what causes white muscle disease?

Answer 35

vitamin E and selenium deficiency

Question 36

how is white muscle disease treated?

Answer 36

potassium selenate and vitamin E supplementation

Question 37

how can entropion be treated?

Answer 37

surgical excision
injection (1ml penicillin SC)
pinching
wound clips