Adult GI and respiratory (Yr 4) Flashcards
how can you age sheep using teeth?
they get a pair of incisors every year
what does quidding suggest?
discomfort in mouth (dropping on food/cud)
what are some issues seen around the mouth/pharynx?
broken mouth
overshot/undershot jaw
fractures, tumours, cysts
infections - Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinobacillus lignerisei, Caeous lymphadenitis, Actinomyces bovis
what does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in relation to the upper alimentary canal?
necrotic stomatitis
what does Actinobacillus lignerisei cause?
wooden tongue and facial abscesses
what does Actinomyces bovis cause?
lumpy jaw (this is rare)
what is a common cause of pharyngeal trauma?
dosing gun injuries
what are the iceberg diseases?
johnes
maedi visna
ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
border disease
what is the causative agent of johnes disease?
Mycobacterium avian paratuberculosis (MAP)
how is johnes spread?
faeces, colostrum, milk, in utero
what is the key risk period of johnes infection?
young <4 months old
where does MAP (johnes) replicate?
GI lymph nodes and gut (very slowly)
what is often a clinical sign of johnes due to the protein losing enteropathy?
bottle jaw
how can johnes be diagnosed?
post mortem
antibody ELISA
PCR faecal testing
faecal culture
why is johnes difficult to test for?
intermittent shedding
what is the gold standard for diagnosing johnes disease?
post mortem
what are the post mortem findings of johnes?
enlarged distal mesenteric lymph node (histopathology)
corrugated appearance of intestines
how would you carry out a flock screening test for johnes?
select older thinner ewes for faecal antigen PCR (+/- culture)
monitor on post mortem of thin cull ewes
how can johnes be controlled?
vaccination
lamb older/thinner ewes separately
hygiene/biosecurity
test and cull stratagies
what is the effect of the johnes vaccine?
doesn’t prevent infection but reduces clinical cases and bacterial excretion
what is the johnes vaccine called?
gudair
when is the protocol for johnes vaccination?
lambs 4-16 weeks old are vaccinated (have to do this every year)
what is redgut?
torsion of intestines caused by sudden introduction to lush pasture (often found dead)
what can cause bloat?
grain acidosis
oesophageal obstruction
frothy from legumes
what causes OPA?
Jaagsiekte retrovirus
how is OPA spread?
lung fluids and aerosols
milk/colostrum
how can OPA be definitively diagnosed?
post mortem
what causes maedi visna?
lenti-virus
what are the two forms of maedi visna?
maedi - respiratory/mastitis
visna - neurological
how does maedi visna spread?
milk/colostrum and lung discharges
what pathology is associated with maedi visna?
chronic inflammatory lesions with possible secondary infection (Mannheimia haemolytica)
what iceberg disease has an accreditation scheme?
maedi visna
what causes chronic suppurative pneumonia in sheep?
Trueperella pyogenes (can be a mixed infection)
what are the clinical signs of chronic suppurative pneumonia?
chronic weight loss
increased respiratory effort, cough, nasal discharge, pyrexia
what is texel throat also known as?
laryngeal chondritis
what is the pathology associated with laryngeal chondritis?
swollen narrow larynx with nodules and abscesses
how can laryngeal chondritis be treated?
corticosteroids
penicillin (7-10 days)
(don’t breed from affect rams)
what is pink eye also known as?
ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis
how is ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye) treated?
isolate effected sheep (spread at feed trough)
systemic oxytetracycline or macrolide
topical eye ointment
what is a macrolide that could be used for ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis?
tulathromycin
what is anterior uveitis also known as?
silage eye
what are the clinical signs of silage eye?
blepharospasm
cloudy cornea
swollen eye/iris
how is silage eye (anterior uveitis) treated?
subconjunctival oxytetracycline and dexamethasone
systemic penicillin
