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Sheep... > Adult GI and respiratory (Yr 4) > Flashcards

Adult GI and respiratory (Yr 4) Flashcards

1
Q

how can you age sheep using teeth?

A

they get a pair of incisors every year

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2
Q

what does quidding suggest?

A

discomfort in mouth (dropping on food/cud)

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3
Q

what are some issues seen around the mouth/pharynx?

A

broken mouth
overshot/undershot jaw
fractures, tumours, cysts
infections - Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinobacillus lignerisei, Caeous lymphadenitis, Actinomyces bovis

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4
Q

what does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in relation to the upper alimentary canal?

A

necrotic stomatitis

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5
Q

what does Actinobacillus lignerisei cause?

A

wooden tongue and facial abscesses

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6
Q

what does Actinomyces bovis cause?

A

lumpy jaw (this is rare)

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7
Q

what is a common cause of pharyngeal trauma?

A

dosing gun injuries

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8
Q

what are the iceberg diseases?

A

johnes
maedi visna
ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
border disease

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9
Q

what is the causative agent of johnes disease?

A

Mycobacterium avian paratuberculosis (MAP)

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10
Q

how is johnes spread?

A

faeces, colostrum, milk, in utero

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11
Q

what is the key risk period of johnes infection?

A

young <4 months old

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12
Q

where does MAP (johnes) replicate?

A

GI lymph nodes and gut (very slowly)

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13
Q

what is often a clinical sign of johnes due to the protein losing enteropathy?

A

bottle jaw

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14
Q

how can johnes be diagnosed?

A

post mortem
antibody ELISA
PCR faecal testing
faecal culture

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15
Q

why is johnes difficult to test for?

A

intermittent shedding

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16
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosing johnes disease?

A

post mortem

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17
Q

what are the post mortem findings of johnes?

A

enlarged distal mesenteric lymph node (histopathology)
corrugated appearance of intestines

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18
Q

how would you carry out a flock screening test for johnes?

A

select older thinner ewes for faecal antigen PCR (+/- culture)
monitor on post mortem of thin cull ewes

19
Q

how can johnes be controlled?

A

vaccination
lamb older/thinner ewes separately
hygiene/biosecurity
test and cull stratagies

20
Q

what is the effect of the johnes vaccine?

A

doesn’t prevent infection but reduces clinical cases and bacterial excretion

21
Q

what is the johnes vaccine called?

A

gudair

22
Q

when is the protocol for johnes vaccination?

A

lambs 4-16 weeks old are vaccinated (have to do this every year)

23
Q

what is redgut?

A

torsion of intestines caused by sudden introduction to lush pasture (often found dead)

24
Q

what can cause bloat?

A

grain acidosis
oesophageal obstruction
frothy from legumes

25
Q

what causes OPA?

A

Jaagsiekte retrovirus

26
Q

how is OPA spread?

A

lung fluids and aerosols
milk/colostrum

27
Q

how can OPA be definitively diagnosed?

A

post mortem

28
Q

what causes maedi visna?

A

lenti-virus

29
Q

what are the two forms of maedi visna?

A

maedi - respiratory/mastitis
visna - neurological

30
Q

how does maedi visna spread?

A

milk/colostrum and lung discharges

31
Q

what pathology is associated with maedi visna?

A

chronic inflammatory lesions with possible secondary infection (Mannheimia haemolytica)

32
Q

what iceberg disease has an accreditation scheme?

A

maedi visna

33
Q

what causes chronic suppurative pneumonia in sheep?

A

Trueperella pyogenes (can be a mixed infection)

34
Q

what are the clinical signs of chronic suppurative pneumonia?

A

chronic weight loss
increased respiratory effort, cough, nasal discharge, pyrexia

35
Q

what is texel throat also known as?

A

laryngeal chondritis

36
Q

what is the pathology associated with laryngeal chondritis?

A

swollen narrow larynx with nodules and abscesses

37
Q

how can laryngeal chondritis be treated?

A

corticosteroids
penicillin (7-10 days)
(don’t breed from affect rams)

38
Q

what is pink eye also known as?

A

ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis

39
Q

how is ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye) treated?

A

isolate effected sheep (spread at feed trough)
systemic oxytetracycline or macrolide
topical eye ointment

40
Q

what is a macrolide that could be used for ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

A

tulathromycin

41
Q

what is anterior uveitis also known as?

A

silage eye

42
Q

what are the clinical signs of silage eye?

A

blepharospasm
cloudy cornea
swollen eye/iris

43
Q

how is silage eye (anterior uveitis) treated?

A

subconjunctival oxytetracycline and dexamethasone
systemic penicillin

Sheep... (15 decks)

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