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Parasitology - Ectoparasites > Sheep blowflies and ticks > Flashcards

Sheep blowflies and ticks Flashcards

1
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Infestation of organ/tissues by the larvae of dipteran flies (in family oestridae)

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2
Q

What are 3 examples of myiasis species (family Oestridae)

A

Hypoderma spp
Gasterophilus
Oestrus ovis

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3
Q

What is the species of the blowfly?

A

Lucilia sericata

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4
Q

Are blowflies (Lucilia sericata) facultative or obligatory myiasis? What can they initiate?

A

Facultative cutaneous myiasis

Can initiate flystrike

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5
Q

What are the morphological features of adult blowflies (Lucilia sericata)?

A

Dorsal bristles

Blue green metallic body

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6
Q

What are the morphological features of Lucilia sericata?

A

Smooth segmented worms (Freaky!)
Anterior oral hooks containing enzymes for feeding
Rear end has breathing spiracles

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7
Q

What is the lifecycle of blowflies? (Lucilia sericata)

A

L1 hatch and moult to L2 and L3, feeding on tissue

L3 fall to ground to pupate

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8
Q

Do blowflies cause wool loss? What do they cause?

A

No wool loss

Sheep nibble at wool = dark and oily

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9
Q

What is the species that is Bluebottles?

A

Calliphora vicina

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10
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary species of flystrike?

A

Primary - initiate strike e.g. blowflies

Secondary - cannot initiate strike, e.g. Calliphora vicina

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11
Q

What is flystrike?

A

Infestation of sheep by Lucilia sericata (blowflies) and Calliphora vicina (bluebottles)

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12
Q

What species are affected by flystrike?

A

Sheep
Rabbits
Birds

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13
Q

When are animals particularly susceptive to flystrike?

A

If debilitated, dirty or wounded (disease)

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14
Q

What does flystrike cause in sheep?

A

Anorexia, dullness, isolation, pyrexia, tachycardia, loss of condition and appetite

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15
Q

Describe the lifecycle of the flies that cause flystrike

A

Larvae spend 3-4 days on host and cause rapid tissue damage (life threatening)
Flies breed in rotting flesh

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16
Q

What part of the body does flystrike mainly affect?

A 
Body
Tail 
Penile sheath 
 Foot 
Rump 
Horns
17
Q

What host factors affect flystrike?

A 
Skin folds
Wool length/thickness
Scour 
Tail length - dock
Wounds - treat footrot
18
Q

What environmental factors affect flystrike?

A

Warm weather
Summer rain
Abundance of blowflies

19
Q

What can be used to prevent flystrike in sheep?

A

Diazinon dips
Cypermethrin
Cyromazine

20
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of using cyromazine to treat flystrike?

A

Advantage -doesn’t damage host tissues

Disadvantages - not an adulticidal or ovicidal

21
Q

What can be used to treat flystrike in rabbits?

A

Cyromazine

Permethrin

22
Q

What is the name of the nasal bot fly in sheep?

A

Oestrus ovis

23
Q

Do oestrus ovis produce eggs? How do they produce osspring?

A

Larviparous - deposit larvae not eggs

24
Q

When are nasal bot flies (oestrus ovis) most active?

A

July

Larvae ecdysis happens over winter and spring

25
Q

What are the morphological features of oestrus ovis?

A

Dark greyish speckled body, segmented

Vestigial mouthparts

26
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of oestrus ovis?

A

Adult fly lays larvae in nose
Larvae feed in nasal passages and sinuses
Moult to L2 in nasal passage, moult to L3 in sinuses
L3 move to nostrils and sneezed out
Purpariate on ground and fly emerges 3-8 weeks later

27
Q

How is oestrus ovis (nasal bot fly) diagnosed? How is it controlled?

A

Clinical signs

Ivermectin

28
Q

What are the welfare issues associated with nasal bot flies?

A

Nasal discharge
Sneezing
False gid (bot migrates to brain)
Scrapie - affects nervous systems

29
Q

What species are affected by Nasal bot fly (oestrus ovis)

A

Mainly sheep

Can be humans and other animals

30
Q

What is the most common tick in sheep?

A

Ixodes ricinus

31
Q

What pathogens do Ixodes ricinus transmit in sheep?

A

Louping ill - zoonotic virus, vaccine available
Tick pyaemia - young lambs, joint infection by staph aureus
Anaplasma phagocytophilium - gram -ve bacteria

Parasitology - Ectoparasites (14 decks)

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