Mange mites of cats and dogs Flashcards
What burrowing mites can be found in cats and dogs?
Sarcoptes scabiei
Demodex spp
Notoedres spp
What non-burrowing mites can be found in cats and dogs?
Cheyletiella sap
Trombicula spp
Otodectes cynotis
How are Sarcoptes transmitted? Are they contagious?
Physical contact
Very contagious
Sarcoptes causes mange in which species?
Dogs, foxes pigs
Describe the morphology of Sarcoptes
Round, flat, round head
Very stumpy from tlegs
Dorsal surface has thumb print pattern - folds of cuticle
Covered in scales and spines
What does mange cause? Where is mange most severe?
Intense pruritic lesions
Hair loss
Crusting
Head - around ears and eyes
How is mange diagnosed?
Clinical signs - itching etc
Skin scrapings
Are Sarcoptes scabiei found in cats?
Rarely
What animals are reservoirs of Sarcoptic mange?
Hedgehogs
Describe the lifecycle of Sarcoptes scabiei
Females dig tunnels in keratinin and feed on fluid between cells
Each female has own tunnel - lays 3 eggs/day
Larvae hatch in tunnel in 4 days
Larvae leave tunnels and moult to nymphs and adults
How long does it take for Sarcoptes eggs to become adults?
14 days
What drugs can be used to control Sarcoptic mange? What should be treated?
Amitraz
Moxidectin
Imidacloprid
Treat all dogs, instruments and bedding
Why is Ivermectin not used fo Sarcoptic mange in dogs?
Contraindicated - CNS problems
What test can be done to identify mange?
Pinnal pedal reflex
Rub ear with thumb and fore finger
If got mange, leg makes scratching movement
Where is Notoedres sp usually found?
Head, face and ears of cats
Sometimes hedgheogs
How does Notoedres spp differ to Sarcoptes scabiei? (2 reasons)
Sarcoptes in dogs, Notoedres in cats
Sarcoptes has stumpy front legs, Notoedres longer
Sarcoptes has scales and spines, Notoedres has no scales or spines
Demodex spp are burrowing mites (follicle mites), what species are they found in?
Many - humans, dogs
Rarely cats
What species of demodex infects dogs? Is demodex commensal or non-commensal? What is the disease caused by sensitivity to demodex mange?
Demodex canis
Commensal
Demodicosis
How can demodex be transmitted from a bitch to puppies?
Mammary skin whilst suckling
What are the symptoms of demodex infection?
Scaling
Alopecia
Papules and pustules
What are the 2 different forms of demodicosis? Which dogs are they usually found in? What do they cause?
Localised form - young dogs, lesions spontaneously resolve
Generalised form - any age dog, severe disease caused by secondary bacterial infection. Thickened skin, pustules and crust
Where do demodex burrow into?
Hair follicles and sebaceous glands
How can demodex be diagnosed?
Deep skin scrapings
What is the ear mite? Are they burrowing or non burrowing?
Otodectes cynotis
Non-Burrowing
What species are Otodectes cynotis found in? What age are more susceptible?
Cats and dogs
Young animals
What do Otodectes cynotis feed on? Where are they found?
Debris near ear drum Located in deep ear, can spread to head and neck)
How long is the lifecycle of Otodectese cynotis? How are they transmitted?
3 weeks
Direct contact
What are the symptoms of Otodectes cynotis?
Intense itching
Head shaking
Brown waxy exudate (cats)
What can be a complication of Otodectes cynotis?
Purulent otitis externa
What drugs can be used to control Otodectes cynotis
Permethrin (not its)
Imidacloprid
Selamectin
Are Cheyletiella burrowing or non-burrowing? What are they a common cause of?
Non-burrowing
Mild scaling dermatitis
What morphological features help diagnose Cheyletiella spp?
Palpal claws
Shape
Where are Cheyletiella eggs found?
Superficial scrapings and faeces
Are Cheyletiella zoonotic? What species are they common in?
Yes
Common in rabbits
Also more common in boxers and cocker spaniels
Where do lesions usually occur in Cheyletieollosis? What is this mite also known as?
Lesions on dorsal rump and shoulders
Walking dandruff mite
How can Cheyletiellosis be treated in rabbits?
No licensed products
Use fipronil or ivermectin
Apart from Cheyletiella and Otodectes cynotis, what is the other non-burrowing mite seen install animals? Which species usually have them?
Trombicula spp (autmunalis mainly) Rodents
Describe the morphology of Trombicula spp
Very small with orange patches
Long legs
Are all stages of Trombicula spp parasitic?
Only larvae
What are the signs of Trombicula infestation?
Mild pruritis
Eryhtema (skin redness)
Crusting
Why is diagnosis of Trombicula difficult? What may Trombicula be associated with?
Rarely recovered from animals
Seasonal canine illness - illness of dogs in Winter, unknown cause
