Diptera - Culicoides, Simulium, Gasterophilus and control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the biting midges? How big are they?

A

Culicoides spp

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2
Q

What are the distinguishing features of culicoides?

A

Tiny (1-4mm)
Brown/black body
Mottled wings

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3
Q

How do culicoides feed?

A

Dig holes and feed on free blood

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4
Q

Where do culicoides lay eggs?

A

Damp areas (marsh land, compost)

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5
Q

How long is the egg to adult life cycle of culicoides?

A

3 weeks

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6
Q

How many generations of culicoides are there per year?

A

1-2

But in huge numbers

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7
Q

What do culicoides cause?

A

Sweet itch (allergic response to them)
Irritation, allergic dermatitis
Self-inflifcted rubbing lesions on withers, mane, tail

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8
Q

What disease are midges vectors of?

A

Equine arboviruses:
African horse sickness
Blue tongue
Schmallenberg

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9
Q

What is the species of black flies?

A

Simulium spp

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10
Q

What are the distinguishing features of simulium spp flies?

A

Small (1-4mm)
Brownish/orange stout body
Humped thorax
Clear wings

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11
Q

Where do simulium spp lay their eggs?

A

Require running water

Rivers, streams

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12
Q

How long does it take for a generation of simulium to form?

A

4 weeks

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13
Q

What do simulium spp cause in ducks and geese?

A

Leucocytozoon (arctic regions)

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14
Q

What is the species of the horse bot fly, in the Oestridae family?

A

Gasterophilus spp

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15
Q

What type of parasites are Gasterophilus spp? When are they active/

A

Obligate myiasis parasite

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16
Q

What are the 3 species of Gasterophilus?

A

G. intestinalis
G. nasalis (around teeth/nasal cavity)
G. haemorrhoidalis (retum)

17
Q

What are the distinguishing features of Gasterophilus flies and eggs?

A

Long triangular shaped abdomen

Large barrel shaped eggs with double row of spines

18
Q

How many generations of Gasterophilus intestinalis are there each year? When are the eggs laid and where?

A

1 generation

Eggs laid in Summer on inner legs, hock and shoulders

19
Q

Describe the life cycle of G.intestanlis

A
Burrow in tongue
Moult and exit to pharynx
Moult to L2 and cluster in stomach 
Moult to L3 and remain to dune 
L3 passed into dung in June
20
Q

Do Gasterophilus spp have clinical significance?

A

Surprisingly little - large red larvae in faeces cause alarm to owner s

21
Q

How is Gasterophilus diagnosed?

A

Larve in faeces in Spring

Eggs on tips of hairs in Summer

22
Q

How can Gasterophilus be controlled?

A

Removal of eggs on tips of hairs

MLs - ivermectin, moxidectin

23
Q

What type of management is used for fly control?

A

Integrated pest management - treat accommodation, fly insecticides, habitat and husbandry, barrier methods (stripes!)

24
Q

What is the main group used as fly insectidcides?

A
Synthetic pyrethroids (ear tags, spray on, pour on)
Essential oils gain popularity
25
Q

Dung removal in barns can be used to control which species of fly?

A

Musca domestica

Stomoxys calcitrans

26
Q

How can Culicoides midges be reduced? (What can be removed)

A

Compost heap