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Parasitology - Ectoparasites > Equine mites and lice > Flashcards

Equine mites and lice Flashcards

1
Q

What class of ectoparasites are mites? What order?

A

Arachnids

Acarina

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2
Q

What are the two types of mites? Which cause mange?

A

Non-burrowing
Burrowing
Both cause mange and dermatitis

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3
Q

Describe the morphology of all mites

A

Cephalothorax
8 legs in adult/nymph
No distinct abdomen

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4
Q

What mites are found in cattle, sheep and goats?

A

Chorioptes bovis

Psorpotes ovis

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5
Q

What mite is found in dogs?

A

Sarcoptes scabeii

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6
Q

What is the only mite (we need to know) in horses? Is it burrowing or non-burrowing

A

Chorioptes bovis

Non-burrowing

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7
Q

What do Chorioptes bovis mites feed on? How is their mouth adapted for this?

A

Scales/skin

Round mouthpart

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8
Q

In what season does Chorioptes bovis affect horses? What part of the body do they affect?

A 
Winter
Lower limbs (particularly feathered animals)
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9
Q

Describe the morphology of Chorioptes bovis

A

Round head and mouthpart
Thumb print on body
Very short pedicles at front with cup shaped suckers

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10
Q

How log is the life cycle of chorioptes bovis?

A

3 weeks

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11
Q

What signs do horses show in response to Chorioptes bovis infestation?

A

Stamping legs
Papules
Crusty lesions
Hair loss

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12
Q

What is used to treat Chorioptes bovis?

A

No licensed product - fipronil

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13
Q

Apart from fipronil, how can Chorioptes bovis infestation be reduced?

A

Clip feathers
Clean rugs/clippers
Use antiseptic cream and hibiscrub on scabs

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14
Q

What class and order are lice?

A

Arachnid Phthiraptera

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15
Q

Lice are obligatory parasites. What does this mean?

A

Die within days without host

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16
Q

What are the 2 suborders of lice?

A

Mallophaga - biting/chewing, feed on skin/scales

Anoplura - sucking, feed on blood

17
Q

Do lice have wings? Describe their morphology

A

Flat wingless insects
Stout legs
Claws to cling onto fur/feathers/hair

18
Q

What is the lifespan of of adult lice? How many eggs can they lay during this time?

A

1 month

Hundreds

19
Q

How long does it take for a lice nymph to hatch from the egg? What is a louse egg called?

A

1-2 weeks

Nit

20
Q

How long is the lifecycle of a louse?

A

2-3 wks

21
Q

What is the word for lice infestation? What does it cause?

A

Pediculosis

Irritation, pruritis, dermatitis, lack of weight gain

22
Q

What can be used to treat lice in horses?

A

Synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin - also used for equine flies)

23
Q

What are the advantages of SP for treatment of flies and lice? What should you be aware of?

A

Slowly metabolised and eliminated
Low mammalian toxicity
Dangerous to fish/crustaceans - careful disposal
Toxic to cats!

24
Q

Give an example of a Mallophaga (chewing) and an Anoplura (sucking) louse found on horses

A

Mallophaga - Bovicola equi

Anoplura - Haematopinus asini

25
Q

Describe the morphology of Haematopinus asini

A 
Sucking mouthpart (long)
Large mite (5mm)
Yellow/brown with dark margins on abdomen - dragon fruit
26
Q

Describe the morphology of Bovicola equi

A

Brown/grey
Striped abdomen
Flat head - chewing mouthpart

27
Q

Where are equine lice most commonly found?

A

Base of tail and mane (hair

28
Q

When are equine lice usually seen?

A

Winter/Spring - thick coats or wearing a rug

Populations diminish as shed Winter coat and more light

29
Q

What IPM can be done for equine lice management?

A

Clean rugs and blankets

Parasitology - Ectoparasites (14 decks)

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