Diptera - intro, Stomoxys Calcitrans, Hydrotea Irritans, Musca Autmunalis and Tabanids

Question 1

What type of pathogen transmission do diptera use to transmit pathogens?

Answer 1

Mechanical pathogen transmission

Question 2

What do muscids (in muscidae family) feed on?

Answer 2

Secretions

Some suck blood (other families are all blood sucking)

Question 3

Give an example of a biting muscidae

Answer 3

Stomoxys calcitrans

Question 4

Give examples of a non-biting muscidae

Answer 4

Hydrotea irritans
Musca autumnal
Musca domestica

Question 5

Which diptera is known as the stable fly? Which animals does it affect?

Answer 5

Stomoxys Calcitrans

Mainly horses and cattle

Question 6

What does stomoxys calcitrans feed on?

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

Where do stomoxys calcitrans rest, breed and lay eggs?

Answer 7

Rest on warm, unexposed surfaces
Breed inside barns/stables
Eggs laid in dung/straw/urine

Question 8

How often is a new generation of stomoxys calcitrans?

Answer 8

Every 2-3 weeks

Question 9

Where do stomoxys calcitrans prefer to feed? What do they cause?

Answer 9

Lower parts of animal (legs, flank)

Stamping feet, shivering skin, rapid head turn, tail swishing, gadding (restlessness/excitemnt)

Question 10

How can stomoxys calcitrans be identified?

Answer 10

Long, thin proboscis

For blood sucking

Question 11

Stomoxys calcitrans are vectors for which diseases?

Answer 11

Equine infectious anaemia

Trypanosomes (not UK)

Question 12

What is known as the head fly? Which species is it mainly a problem in?

Answer 12

Hydrotea irritans

Most notorious pest, but not dramatic

Question 13

Is hydrotea irritans biting or non-biting? What do they feed on? What type of mouthpart do they have?

Answer 13

Non-biting
Secretions
Sponging/rasping mouthparts

Question 14

What species does hydrotea irritans pester?

Answer 14

Cattle (main)
Sheep 
Horses
Man 
Rabbits 
Deer

Question 15

Where are hydrotea irritans often found in cattle? What can they cause?

Answer 15

Udder

Mastitis

Question 16

What is an animals response to hydrotea irritans?

Answer 16

Rapid head turn

Tail swishing

Question 17

Is hydrotea irritans exophilic or endophilic? What pasture is it found in? Where are eggs laid?

Answer 17

Exophilic
Wooded pasture
Eggs laid on pasture soil

Question 18

How many generations of flies are there each year fo hydrotea irritans? When are they most active?

Answer 18

One - in Summer

Warm humid days, late Summer

Question 19

What are distinguishing features of hydrotea irritans?

Answer 19

Orange wing base
Green abdomen
Sponging/rasping mouthparts

Question 20

What is known as the face fly? Which species does it affect?

Answer 20

Musca autmunalis

Nuisance in cattle, significant in hores

Question 21

Where is musca autumnalis found?

Answer 21

Eyes
Muzzle
Face

Question 22

Is musca autumnales endophilic or exophilic? Where do they lay eggs and develop?

Answer 22

Exophilic

Eggs in dung on pasture

Question 23

What are distnguishing features of musca autmunalis?

Answer 23

No proboscis

Sponging mouthparts

Question 24

When do populations of musca autumnalis build up?

Answer 24

Late Autumn

Question 25

What diseases do Musca autumnalis spread?

Answer 25

Infectious bovine keratoconjuntivits (pink eye - caused by Moraxella bovid) Eye problems in horses Vector of eye and stomach worms

Question 26

What species of fly is similar to Musca autumnalis? What is the difference between these?

Answer 26

Musca domestica | Is found inside accommodation, mainly a problem for housed pigs

Question 27

Which flies are biting, non-muscidaes?

Answer 27

Tabanids

Question 28

What are the 2 genera of Tabanids in the UK? How can you tell the difference between them?

Answer 28

Haematopota - mottled wings | Tabanus - large clear winga

Question 29

What are the distinguishing features of Tabanids?

Answer 29

``` Bulging iridescent eyes Large body Large head Stubby mouthparts Mottled wings (Haematopota) Large clear wings (Tabanus) ```

Question 30

What mouthparts do Tabanids have? How often do they feed?

Answer 30

Biting - stubby Blood pool feeders Several small meals often

Question 31

Where do Tabanids breed?

Answer 31

Wet pasture (marsh land, pond edges)

Question 32

When do Tabanids emerge? How many generations are there per year? When are they active? (Clue - same as hydrotea irritans)

Answer 32

Late Summer july/aug One generation per year Active on sunny days

Question 33

What do tabards cause? What are they mechanical vectors of?

Answer 33

Gadding | Equine infectious anaemia, trypanosomes, bovine anaplasmosis