Diptera - intro, Stomoxys Calcitrans, Hydrotea Irritans, Musca Autmunalis and Tabanids Flashcards
What type of pathogen transmission do diptera use to transmit pathogens?
Mechanical pathogen transmission
What do muscids (in muscidae family) feed on?
Secretions
Some suck blood (other families are all blood sucking)
Give an example of a biting muscidae
Stomoxys calcitrans
Give examples of a non-biting muscidae
Hydrotea irritans
Musca autumnal
Musca domestica
Which diptera is known as the stable fly? Which animals does it affect?
Stomoxys Calcitrans
Mainly horses and cattle
What does stomoxys calcitrans feed on?
Blood
Where do stomoxys calcitrans rest, breed and lay eggs?
Rest on warm, unexposed surfaces
Breed inside barns/stables
Eggs laid in dung/straw/urine
How often is a new generation of stomoxys calcitrans?
Every 2-3 weeks
Where do stomoxys calcitrans prefer to feed? What do they cause?
Lower parts of animal (legs, flank)
Stamping feet, shivering skin, rapid head turn, tail swishing, gadding (restlessness/excitemnt)
How can stomoxys calcitrans be identified?
Long, thin proboscis
For blood sucking
Stomoxys calcitrans are vectors for which diseases?
Equine infectious anaemia
Trypanosomes (not UK)
What is known as the head fly? Which species is it mainly a problem in?
Hydrotea irritans
Most notorious pest, but not dramatic
Is hydrotea irritans biting or non-biting? What do they feed on? What type of mouthpart do they have?
Non-biting
Secretions
Sponging/rasping mouthparts
What species does hydrotea irritans pester?
Cattle (main) Sheep Horses Man Rabbits Deer
Where are hydrotea irritans often found in cattle? What can they cause?
Udder
Mastitis
What is an animals response to hydrotea irritans?
Rapid head turn
Tail swishing
Is hydrotea irritans exophilic or endophilic? What pasture is it found in? Where are eggs laid?
Exophilic
Wooded pasture
Eggs laid on pasture soil
How many generations of flies are there each year fo hydrotea irritans? When are they most active?
One - in Summer
Warm humid days, late Summer
What are distinguishing features of hydrotea irritans?
Orange wing base
Green abdomen
Sponging/rasping mouthparts
What is known as the face fly? Which species does it affect?
Musca autmunalis
Nuisance in cattle, significant in hores
Where is musca autumnalis found?
Eyes
Muzzle
Face
Is musca autumnales endophilic or exophilic? Where do they lay eggs and develop?
Exophilic
Eggs in dung on pasture
What are distnguishing features of musca autmunalis?
No proboscis
Sponging mouthparts
When do populations of musca autumnalis build up?
Late Autumn
What diseases do Musca autumnalis spread?
Infectious bovine keratoconjuntivits (pink eye - caused by Moraxella bovid)
Eye problems in horses
Vector of eye and stomach worms
What species of fly is similar to Musca autumnalis? What is the difference between these?
Musca domestica
Is found inside accommodation, mainly a problem for housed pigs
Which flies are biting, non-muscidaes?
Tabanids
What are the 2 genera of Tabanids in the UK? How can you tell the difference between them?
Haematopota - mottled wings
Tabanus - large clear winga
What are the distinguishing features of Tabanids?
Bulging iridescent eyes Large body Large head Stubby mouthparts Mottled wings (Haematopota) Large clear wings (Tabanus)
What mouthparts do Tabanids have? How often do they feed?
Biting - stubby
Blood pool feeders
Several small meals often
Where do Tabanids breed?
Wet pasture (marsh land, pond edges)
When do Tabanids emerge? How many generations are there per year? When are they active? (Clue - same as hydrotea irritans)
Late Summer july/aug
One generation per year
Active on sunny days
What do tabards cause? What are they mechanical vectors of?
Gadding
Equine infectious anaemia, trypanosomes, bovine anaplasmosis
