Cattle flies Flashcards
What fly in cattle looks like a bumble bee? What family is this in?
Hypoderma spp (AKA Warble Flies) Oestridae
When is the hypoderma (bumble bee like) fly active?How long is their lifecycle?
Warm days - Summer
One year
What are the 2 species of Hypoderma that affect cows?
Hypoderma bovis
Hypoderma lineatum
Where do Hypoderma lineatum emerge from and when?
Lesions
March-May
Wheredo Hypoederma bevis emerge from? when?
Eggs emerge to larvae on pasture in May-June
Flies emerge 6 wks later
What is the importance of Hypoderma flies spp?
Perforate hide - breathing holes, decreases value
Possible anaphylactic shock
How can Hypoderma flies be diagnosed in cattle?
Warbles easily palpated
ELISA of larvae
What can be given to treat Hypoderma infestation in cows?
Injectable ivermectin
What is the most common species of biting fly in cattle? What family is this in?
Stomoxys calcitrans (Stablefly) Muscidae
Where do Stomoxys calcitrans lay their eggs?
Dung mixed with straw and urine
When do Stomoxys calcitrans build up? What do they cause?
Summer
Loss of blood, loss of weight and milk production
What are Stomoxys Calcitrans the vectors of?
Many - African swine fever, West Nile, anthrax, bovine viral diarrhoea
What is a distinguishing feature of Stomoxys calcitrans?
Long proboscis
What is the horn fly known as? Which species is it found in and where on the species?
Lyperosia irritans
Cows only
Back
When are Lyperosia irritans in highest numbers? Do they have one generation or several?
Summer
Several
Where do Lyperosia irritans mate and lay eggs?
Pasture
Fresh dung
Which fly is only found in Africa, with both sexes requiring large blood meals?
Tsetse fly - Glossina spp
What are the distinguishing features of Glossina spp (Tsetse fly)
Scissor blade wings
Ugly eyes, proboscis, look nasty
What is interesting about the egg production and hatching of Glossina spp (Tsetse fly)?
Lay one egg at at time
Hatches internally
How do Glossina spp nourish their larvae?
Produce milk from milk glands
Female feeds on blood to produce milk
What happens to larvae of Glossina spp prior to pupation?
Deposited onto soil
What diseases do Glossina spp transmit?
Trypanasomes
What are the symptoms of Glossina spp?
Anaemia
Lethargy
Fatal if untreated
How are Glossina flies controlled?
Traps, targets, ectoparasiticides
Vector control by spraying and sterile insect technique
What is the sterile insect technique?
Releasing sterile males into population
Compete with other males to mate with femlaes
Females don’t produce offspring if mate with sterile male = decreased population
What pathogen is transmitted by tabanids in the UK? Is this pathogenic?
Trypanosoma theileri
Non-pathogenic
What are the distinguishing features of Lyperosia irritans (horn fly)?
Small with short biting proboscis
What non-biting muscidae are found in cattle?
Hydrotea irritans (head fly) Musca autumnalis (face fly) Musca domestica (house fly)
What is August bag? What are the symptoms?
Summer mastitis
Caused by multiple pathogens
Swollen teats, pain, broken head in horned sheep breeds (rubbing head causes wounds)
What is used for fly control in cattle?
Synthetic pyrethroids - permethrin, cypermethrin
Treat stables, walls, fences
Barrier with tape on teats or Stockholm tar
