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Animal Breeding Exam > Sheep and Goat > Flashcards

Sheep and Goat Flashcards

1
Q

What is the latin name for sheep and goat

A

Sheep: Ovis Aries
Goat: Capra aegagrus hircus

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2
Q

When was sheep/goat domesticated?

A

8-10,000 B.C.

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3
Q

Which sheep species is the main ancester of the domesticated sheep?

A

The mouflon (Oriental wild sheep)

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4
Q

Can you cross a sheep with a goat?

A

ram x doe is possible

bock x ewe never

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5
Q

What is a geep?

A

A sheep/goat hybrid
Artificial chimera (4 parents)
1984

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6
Q

Where was the sheep/goat first domesticated?

A

Mesopotamia

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7
Q 
Give some microevolutionary changes
Coat and wool
Tail
Horns
Intelligence
A 
Coat and wool
Wide variations in colour
Tail
Short/long/fat
Horns
Some are polled (sex influenced)
Intelligence
Sheep are neotenic and dependent on humans
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8
Q

Give important differences between sheep and goat

1 Nutrition
2 Body conformation
3 Flocking instinct
4 Milk production

A

1 G is less selective than S, but has a higher dig efficiency
2 G has split upper lip and beard
3 S has a stronger flocking instinct than G
4 S has less efficient milk prod, more suitable for cheese
Goat milk is commonly consumed

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9
Q

What is
Ewe
Gimmer/Theave

A

Ewe: female mature sheep
Gimmer: young female before lambing

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10
Q

What is
Ram/Tup
Wether
Stag

A

Ram/Tup: uncastrated male sheep
Wether: castrated sheep/goat
Stag: male castrated after 6 months

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11
Q

What is (lamb)
Sucker
Hogget
Shearling

A

Sucker: unweaned
Hogget: 9-18 months
Shearling: yearling before first shearling

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12
Q

What is mutton

A

Meat of 1yr+ sheep (in some countries = goat meat)

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13
Q

How can you identify sheep

A

Raddle: coloured pigment

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14
Q

When is the mating season and lambing season?

A

Mating: fall
Gestation: 6 months
Lambing: early spring (Norway: easter)

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15
Q

The milk of what species are appropriate for cheese making

A

Cow, sheep, goat

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16
Q

What is special about the milk of a horse?

A

High lactose content

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17
Q

What dairy products are made from sheeps milk?

A

Feta, Roquefort, Manchego, Ricotta

(High casein content)

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18
Q

What dairy products are made from goat milk?

A 
Goat cheese (Chevre)
Brunost
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19
Q

Give 4 mating systems of S and G production?

A

Flock/mass mating
Harem mating
Stud/Hand mating
AI (mostly sheep, rarely goat)

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20
Q

What are the breeding goals of sheep production?

A

Meat: more muscle, less fat
Prolificacy: high twinning rate
Wool: high quality
Milk: high yield

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21
Q

What is the primary, secondary and tertiary use of goats=

A

1: milk
2: meat
3: wool (some species)

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22
Q

What is characteristics of maternal and paternal sheep breeds?

A

Maternal: Hardy, good reprod and maternal abilities
(Prolific, early puberty, high (60-70%) twinning
Paternal: rapid growth, high carcass quality

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23
Q

What is the lambing interval of milk type sheep?

A

6-9 months

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24
Q

What is the milk yield of one lactation period for a sheep?

A

50-300 kg/lactation

25
Q

Give 5 milk-type sheep breeds

A 
Friesland
British milksheep
Awassi - fat tailed
Chios (feta)
Lacune (roquefort)
Tsigaia (Low potential, hungarian!!!!)
26
Q

Give the composition of sheep milk

A

F: 5.3
P: 5.5
L: 4.6
ASH: 0.9

27
Q

What is the heritability for milk fat % and protein %?

A

HIGH

28
Q

What is the heritability for milk yield?

A

H^2 = 0.1-0.5 (Low to medium)

29
Q

What are some carcass traits of the meat type sheep?

A

Carcass traits:

Weight, quality, fat amount, back fat thickness (23%) loin ratio, CLPG (muscular hypertrophy)

30
Q

Give
Birth weight
Weaning weight
Daily weight gain

A

2-4 kg
30 days: 14-17 kg
100-600 kg/day

31
Q

What are the 5 (10) main mutton breeds?

A 
Longwool: leicester, lincoln, romney
Shortwool: suffolk, wiltshire, southdown
German: black face/white face
French: charolais
Dutch: texel sheep (4 shank)
32
Q

Give 3 fur producer sheep breeds

A

Asian fat-tailed
Asian fat-rumped
Karakul sheep

33
Q

Give the composition of goat milk

A

F: 3.5
P: 3.1
L: 4.6
ASH: 0.79

34
Q

Give 3 milk-type goat breeds

A

Saanen
Alpine
Toggenburg

35
Q

Give the average goat milk yield

A

660-1880 liter

36
Q

Give some advantages of goat milk compared to other milks

A

Smaller FAs
Less lactose (intolerance)
Ca2+ content, vitamins

37
Q

Give the length of the lactation period of goat?

A

150-200 days/lactation

38
Q

Merino sheep

A

Fine wool type
Mutation: sec hair follicles
Diameter: 10-26 micrometers

39
Q

Wool characteristics

A

Primary follicles: kemp, medullated fibres, true wool

Sec follicles: only true wool fibers

40
Q

What are some parameters to judge the wool quality?

A

Uniformity
Purity
Colour
Brightness

41
Q

What are some special characteristics of wool?

A

Specific thermal resistance (impedes heat transfer)
Crimped and elastic
Not hollow
Absorbs moisture

42
Q

Meat producing goat breeds

A

West-African dwarf
Somali goat
Small Easy-African

43
Q

Dual purpose goat breeds:

A

Boer

Anglo-Nubian

44
Q

Wool producing goat breeds:

A

Cashmere (pashmina, double fleece)

Mohair/Angora (diamond fiber)

45
Q

When do sheep hit puberty

A

6-8 months

46
Q

How long is the gestation period for sheep?

A

145-150 days

47
Q

Give reprod traits of sheep

A

Seasonal polyestrus
Fertile: sept to feb
8-10 cycles

48
Q

Breeding season:

A

Aug to nov

49
Q

How long is the lactation period?

A

100-180 days

50
Q

How long is the ovarian cycle of sheep?

A

17-18 days

51
Q

How long is the ovarian cycle of goat?

A

19-23 days

52
Q

How long does the heat last?

How can you detect it

A

30 hours

Male acceptance, standing, teasing

53
Q

What are fecundic genes?

A 
FecB/FecX
polyovulation
Dosis effect
Fec B: 1 good 2 better
Fec X: 1 good 2 sterile (x)
54
Q

How can you breed for it?

A

Hemizygote ram

All female offspring will have one copy

55
Q

Give 6 genetic disorders of sheep/goat?

A 
Hemophilia A
Yellow fat
Calli pyge
Myotonia (goat)
Spider lamb disease (Suffolk, oxford)
Dwarfism
56
Q

What are differences between reprod traits in goat?

A 
Higher seasonality
Cycle: 21 days
Obvious heat
Pseudopregnancy
Lactation anestrus
Less breed variance
57
Q

Breeding technologies in sheep/goat prod

A

Extensive (once a year) long inactive period
Semi-intensive (3 times in 2 years) shorter inactive period
Intensive (8-10 000 ewes) barely inactive period

58
Q

Give 4 flock management styles

A

Range band flocks (1000-1500 ewes)
Farm flocks
Specialized flocks
Hobby flocks

59
Q

What forms of protection can the shepherd use?

A

Fence
Herding dogs, guard dogs
Guarding llama

Animal Breeding Exam (7 decks)

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