Sheep and Goat Flashcards
What is the latin name for sheep and goat
Sheep: Ovis Aries
Goat: Capra aegagrus hircus
When was sheep/goat domesticated?
8-10,000 B.C.
Which sheep species is the main ancester of the domesticated sheep?
The mouflon (Oriental wild sheep)
Can you cross a sheep with a goat?
ram x doe is possible
bock x ewe never
What is a geep?
A sheep/goat hybrid
Artificial chimera (4 parents)
1984
Where was the sheep/goat first domesticated?
Mesopotamia
Give some microevolutionary changes Coat and wool Tail Horns Intelligence
Coat and wool Wide variations in colour Tail Short/long/fat Horns Some are polled (sex influenced) Intelligence Sheep are neotenic and dependent on humans
Give important differences between sheep and goat
1 Nutrition
2 Body conformation
3 Flocking instinct
4 Milk production
1 G is less selective than S, but has a higher dig efficiency
2 G has split upper lip and beard
3 S has a stronger flocking instinct than G
4 S has less efficient milk prod, more suitable for cheese
Goat milk is commonly consumed
What is
Ewe
Gimmer/Theave
Ewe: female mature sheep
Gimmer: young female before lambing
What is
Ram/Tup
Wether
Stag
Ram/Tup: uncastrated male sheep
Wether: castrated sheep/goat
Stag: male castrated after 6 months
What is (lamb)
Sucker
Hogget
Shearling
Sucker: unweaned
Hogget: 9-18 months
Shearling: yearling before first shearling
What is mutton
Meat of 1yr+ sheep (in some countries = goat meat)
How can you identify sheep
Raddle: coloured pigment
When is the mating season and lambing season?
Mating: fall
Gestation: 6 months
Lambing: early spring (Norway: easter)
The milk of what species are appropriate for cheese making
Cow, sheep, goat
What is special about the milk of a horse?
High lactose content
What dairy products are made from sheeps milk?
Feta, Roquefort, Manchego, Ricotta
(High casein content)
What dairy products are made from goat milk?
Goat cheese (Chevre) Brunost
Give 4 mating systems of S and G production?
Flock/mass mating
Harem mating
Stud/Hand mating
AI (mostly sheep, rarely goat)
What are the breeding goals of sheep production?
Meat: more muscle, less fat
Prolificacy: high twinning rate
Wool: high quality
Milk: high yield
What is the primary, secondary and tertiary use of goats=
1: milk
2: meat
3: wool (some species)
What is characteristics of maternal and paternal sheep breeds?
Maternal: Hardy, good reprod and maternal abilities
(Prolific, early puberty, high (60-70%) twinning
Paternal: rapid growth, high carcass quality
What is the lambing interval of milk type sheep?
6-9 months
What is the milk yield of one lactation period for a sheep?
50-300 kg/lactation
Give 5 milk-type sheep breeds
Friesland British milksheep Awassi - fat tailed Chios (feta) Lacune (roquefort) Tsigaia (Low potential, hungarian!!!!)
Give the composition of sheep milk
F: 5.3
P: 5.5
L: 4.6
ASH: 0.9
What is the heritability for milk fat % and protein %?
HIGH
What is the heritability for milk yield?
H^2 = 0.1-0.5 (Low to medium)
What are some carcass traits of the meat type sheep?
Carcass traits:
Weight, quality, fat amount, back fat thickness (23%) loin ratio, CLPG (muscular hypertrophy)
Give
Birth weight
Weaning weight
Daily weight gain
2-4 kg
30 days: 14-17 kg
100-600 kg/day
What are the 5 (10) main mutton breeds?
Longwool: leicester, lincoln, romney Shortwool: suffolk, wiltshire, southdown German: black face/white face French: charolais Dutch: texel sheep (4 shank)
Give 3 fur producer sheep breeds
Asian fat-tailed
Asian fat-rumped
Karakul sheep
Give the composition of goat milk
F: 3.5
P: 3.1
L: 4.6
ASH: 0.79
Give 3 milk-type goat breeds
Saanen
Alpine
Toggenburg
Give the average goat milk yield
660-1880 liter
Give some advantages of goat milk compared to other milks
Smaller FAs
Less lactose (intolerance)
Ca2+ content, vitamins
Give the length of the lactation period of goat?
150-200 days/lactation
Merino sheep
Fine wool type
Mutation: sec hair follicles
Diameter: 10-26 micrometers
Wool characteristics
Primary follicles: kemp, medullated fibres, true wool
Sec follicles: only true wool fibers
What are some parameters to judge the wool quality?
Uniformity
Purity
Colour
Brightness
What are some special characteristics of wool?
Specific thermal resistance (impedes heat transfer)
Crimped and elastic
Not hollow
Absorbs moisture
Meat producing goat breeds
West-African dwarf
Somali goat
Small Easy-African
Dual purpose goat breeds:
Boer
Anglo-Nubian
Wool producing goat breeds:
Cashmere (pashmina, double fleece)
Mohair/Angora (diamond fiber)
When do sheep hit puberty
6-8 months
How long is the gestation period for sheep?
145-150 days
Give reprod traits of sheep
Seasonal polyestrus
Fertile: sept to feb
8-10 cycles
Breeding season:
Aug to nov
How long is the lactation period?
100-180 days
How long is the ovarian cycle of sheep?
17-18 days
How long is the ovarian cycle of goat?
19-23 days
How long does the heat last?
How can you detect it
30 hours
Male acceptance, standing, teasing
What are fecundic genes?
FecB/FecX polyovulation Dosis effect Fec B: 1 good 2 better Fec X: 1 good 2 sterile (x)
How can you breed for it?
Hemizygote ram
All female offspring will have one copy
Give 6 genetic disorders of sheep/goat?
Hemophilia A Yellow fat Calli pyge Myotonia (goat) Spider lamb disease (Suffolk, oxford) Dwarfism
What are differences between reprod traits in goat?
Higher seasonality Cycle: 21 days Obvious heat Pseudopregnancy Lactation anestrus Less breed variance
Breeding technologies in sheep/goat prod
Extensive (once a year) long inactive period
Semi-intensive (3 times in 2 years) shorter inactive period
Intensive (8-10 000 ewes) barely inactive period
Give 4 flock management styles
Range band flocks (1000-1500 ewes)
Farm flocks
Specialized flocks
Hobby flocks
What forms of protection can the shepherd use?
Fence
Herding dogs, guard dogs
Guarding llama
