Dog and Cat Flashcards
When was the dog domesticated?
12 000 B.C. or earlier
1st animal to be domesticated
Hunting/guarding
Consequences of canine domestication
Biodiversity
Inbreeding
Temperament changes
The diversity of dogs Size Coat Conformation Instinct Relationship with humans
1-100 kg
Colour and quality, long short curly wire smooth
Head shape, Ear shape, Tail
Less instinct, some barely have any
Can recognize feelings and facial expressions
What are some relatives of the domestic dog
Wolf
Coyote
Jackal
Interspecies hybrids
Same chromosome number = 78
Can occur in the wild
fertile offspring
Czechoslovakian wolfdog
Carpathian wolf x GSD
Backcrossing, mainly GSD but looks like a wolf
Saarloos wolfdog
Eurasian wolf x GSD
More wolf than other hybrids
Dingo x domestic dog
Very common
Not a real hybrid
What is a breed standard?
Idealized general description of the typical breed characteristics
Also includes typical faults
Height, weight, proportions, coat
Kennel clubs/Breeding associations
Decides the breed standard and judging rules
Performance testing
Sheepdogs, shepherds, gundogs
Dog breed surveillance
KC
AKC
FCI
Favorite sire syndrome
Matadoravl
Strains and populations based on show winner males
GSD male father of 119 litters
Breeding methods of dogs
Purebreeding
Grading up
Blood refreshment
Line breeding
Important rules of dogs mating
Phenotype resemblance Avoid defects Pos traits cannot correct neg traits Fertile sire dog Both prepotent
Methods of individual identification of dogs
Nose print Blood group analysis Phenotype analysis DNA "fingerprint" Polymorphic DNA sequences
Reproduction features of dogs
Cycle
Mono- or diestrus
ø true seasonality
long breeding cycle: 4-11 months
Long luteal phase - 60 days
Detecting heat of a dog
vaginal bleeding
Hormones of ovulation
Preov P4 secretion
Spont ovulation
Gradual P4 decline
Gestation period
60-65 days
Rapid embryonic and fetal development
What happens to the vaginal epithelium before heat
Extensive keratinization/cornification
How long is the lactation period of dogs:
50 days
Give the 9 most important canine genetic diseases
CLAD SCID Hemophilia A & B von Willebrand disease MHS SMA Epilepsy Merle gene mutation MDR1
Give the FCI classification of dog breeds
Pastoral Pinchers, malossians, schnauzers Terriers Dachshunds Spitz, primitive Scenthounds Pointers Retrievers Companions and toys Sight hounds
Give the AKC classification of dog breeds
Herd Work Sport Non-sport Hound Terrier Toy Misc
Give some abnormalities of certain dog breeds
Tail torsion Chondrodysplasia Alopecia Brachycephaly Proportional dwarfism Polydactyly
When were cats domesticated?
3000-5000 B.C. in Egypt
From wild cat
Sacred, rodent control
Microevolutionary changes of cats
Smaller size
More litters
Companions
What happened after domestication
Low biodiversity
Hair colour and coat differences
What are some qualities of the cat
Scent territorial marking
Good maternal instinct
Good hunters
Clean and grooming
Interspecies hybrids of cats
Savannah cat
Bengal
2n = 38
Give common breeding methods of cats
Based on phenotype
Inbreeding
Common
Character fixation and prepotency
Short hair breeds
Manx, Sphinx, British shorthair, Russian blue
Long hair breeds
Maine coon, Norwegian forest cat
Ragdoll, Birma, Persian
When does a male/female cat reach puberty
queen: 9 months
tom: 12 months
Reprod traits of the cat
Synchronous polyestrus (photoperiodic deoendence)
Breeding season:
Jan-July
Ovarian cycle
Alternate between anovulatory (14) and ovulatory cycles (35)
What is induced ovulation?
Penile spines rake the female vagina and ovulation is induced
Cat gestation:
63 days
Cat lactation
50 days
Feline genetic diseases
SMA
Manx factor
PCRD
HCM
HCM
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Myosin binding protein C
Dosis effect
