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Forensic Medicine > Sharp Force Injuries > Flashcards

Sharp Force Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Name two typs of SFI?

A
  1. Incised wounds (cuts, slashes)

2. Puncture wounds (stabs)

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2
Q

“clean division of the full thickness of the skin or tissue under the pressure of a sharp edged instrument”

A

Incision

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3
Q

What type of wound is a paper cut?

A

Incised

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4
Q

What can dicing injuries ndicate?

A

Location in vehicle

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5
Q

When might you get irregular ragged margins with incised wounds?

A

Glass

Skin folds

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6
Q

Can you identify weapon in incised injuries?

A

Almost impossible

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7
Q

Chop wounds: are they longer than are deep?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Defn: “Penetrating injury caused by separation of the skin and tissues under the pressure of a sharp or blunt pointed instrument”, or
“a small hole made with a sharp point”

A

Stab wound

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9
Q

Sharp & flat (e.g. knife)

A

stab

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10
Q

Sharp & thin (e.g. needle)

A

needle puncture wound

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11
Q

Blunt, long & rigid (e.g. spike, screwdriver)

A

puncture wound

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12
Q

Extremely common in homicide

A

Stab wounds

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13
Q

What might examination of a stab wound provide information on?

A

Weapon: dimensions, type, taper, movement, deptth of insertion, direction of insertion and amount of force used

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14
Q

What causes stab wounds to gape?

A

Contraction of elastic fibres within the skin

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15
Q

What causes stab wounds to appear smaller than with blade in situ?

A

Elastic retraction of the skin

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16
Q

What distorts the appearance of wounds?

A

Langer lines

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17
Q

What shape of wound do single-edged blades make?

A

Boat shaped

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18
Q

What kind of knife gives fine v-pointed end?

A

Sharp cutting knife

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19
Q

What kind of knife gives squared off or rounded end?

A

Blunt back edge

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20
Q

What kind of knife gives split “fish-tailed” end?

A

Heavy/thick blade

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21
Q

What kind of knife gives RAGGED END?

A

Serrated/hunting knife

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22
Q

If both edges of stab wound are squared off or rounded what does that mean?

A

Knife insreted to the ricasso

23
Q

If both ends of srab wound reach a fine-vshaped point what does it mean?

A

Sharp cutting edge

24
Q

Shark-fin skin tags along wound edges
Parallel scratch abrasions
Striated cuts on cartilage

A

Serrateed blade: No definitive way of distinguishing from serrated glass fragments

25
Q

What does taper correlate to?

A

Wound length on the skin

26
Q

What offers most resistance to estimating force?

A

Clothes and skinq

27
Q

Does wound depth indicate force?

A

No

28
Q

What is most resistant tissue for knife penetration?

A

Bone, then skin, then muscle

29
Q

What is the most important factor in skin penetration?

A

Sharpness of knife

30
Q

What are commonly involved in assult SFI?

A

Clothing

31
Q

Typically to hands and forearms

A

defensive injuries

32
Q

Wounds to legs may indicate?

A

Victim was lying on ground

33
Q

What bleeds more- partially tdivided or transected vessles#’/#

A

Partially divided

34
Q

What is more vulnerable: heart or large thoracic arteries?

A

Large thoracic arteries

35
Q

What kind of trauma do road traffic accidents cause?

A

BVlunt force

36
Q

How many people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes?

A

1.25 million

37
Q

What is the leading cause of death amongst young people aged 15-29?

A

RTA

38
Q

iN rta WHAT do the legs contact?

A

the front fascia of the car

39
Q

iN rta WHAT do the chest/upper abdomen contact?

A

Steering wheels

40
Q

Injuries from airbags include?

A

abrasions to the face, neck and chest, minor

friction burns to the upper limbs and eye injuries

41
Q

What occur occur commonly in occupant fatalities?

A

Rib fractures over 70%- seen more often in drivers

42
Q

RTA Cervical spinal injuries incude?

A

atlanto-occipital disruption leading to instantaneous death

43
Q

Liver injury, ranging from
superficial surface laceration to
complete disruption, are slightly
more common in?

A

Drivers

44
Q

When do pelvic injuries occur more frequently?

A

In front seat occupants and during side impacts

45
Q

Who accounts for nearly 40% of all pedestrian RTC

A

Children under 15 years

46
Q

Are pedestrians more commonly struck b front or side of car?

A

Front

47
Q

Name three primary impact injuries?

A

Lower leg (bumper)
Upper leg
Pelvis (bonnet)

48
Q

Name 3 secondary impact injuries?

A

Head
Shoulders
Chest (windscreen)

49
Q

Name two tertiary impact injuries?

A

Head

Body (road surface/rash)

50
Q

What injuries to cyclists not get that pedestrians do?

A

Bumper fractures

51
Q

Who experience a death rate 35 times greater

than the occupants of cars

A

Motorcyclits and cyclists

52
Q

What does use of helmet reduce fatal head injuries by?

A

One third

53
Q

Injury above ? in smaller individual e.g. toddler?

A

Above shin level

54
Q

What measurement might indicate potential vehicle?

A

Height of injury from heel

Forensic Medicine (13 decks)

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