Head Injury

Question 1

What is prognosis of a head injury related to?

Answer 1

Length and depth of unconsciousness

Question 2

3 parts of GCS?

Answer 2

Ocular, verbal, motor

Question 3

What is the cranial cavity divided up by?

Answer 3

Reflections of dural membrane
Into R and L by falx
Into upper and lower by tentorium cerebelli

Question 4

What does laceration of the scalp cause?

Answer 4

Profuse bleeding

Question 5

What does the force required to cause a fracture depend on?

Answer 5

Thickness of hair
Thickness of scalp
Thickness of skull
Site of impact and direction

Question 6

Name a condition which thickens the skull?

Answer 6

Hyperostosis internalis frontalis

Question 7

Force from adult head falling from 1m

Answer 7

510N

Question 8

Force from running into fixed obstruction?

Answer 8

1020

Question 9

Battle’s sing?

Answer 9

Indication of basal skull fracture

Question 10

Who commonly gets hinge fractures?

Answer 10

Motorcyclisyt

Question 11

What is a haemorrhage forming a distinct mass?

Answer 11

A haematoma

Question 12

What might a blow to temple cause?

Answer 12

Extradural haematom

Question 13

Fracture 85% of cases, tears an artery within groove in inner table of skull?

Answer 13

Extradural haematoma

Question 14

What is torn with extradural haematoma?

Answer 14

Middle meningeal artery insdie temporal bone

Question 15

Lucid interval occurs in ?

Answer 15

EDH

Question 16

What is caused from trivial fall or blow?

Answer 16

Subdural haemorrhage

Question 17

Who are subdural haemorrhages common in?

Answer 17

Alcoholics, elderly and children

Question 18

What can cause a traumatic SAH?

Answer 18

Blow to chin OR ANGLE OF JAW JERKS HEAD, usually from a punch - traumatic basal SAH
vessels torn by stretching.

Question 19

What kind of disease is most common to cause intracerebral haemorrhage?

Answer 19

Hypertension

Question 20

What is Diffuse Traumatic Axonal Injury?

Answer 20

Tearing of nerve fivres (white matter) due to rotation and acceleration/deacceleration forces

Question 21

Diagnosis of DTAI is usually based on microscopic findings. What one can be done in 2-4 hours?

Answer 21

Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein in immunostains

Question 22

Diagnosis of DTAI is usually based on microscopic findings. What one can be done in 12-24 hours?

Answer 22

Thickened axons seen with silver stains

Question 23

Diagnosis of DTAI is usually based on microscopic findings. What one can be done in 1 day?

Answer 23

Axonal retraction bulbs in white matter

Question 24

What can be seen with naked eye in DTAI?

Answer 24

Haemorrhages in white matter

Question 25

Name 3 late complications of HI?

Answer 25

Meningitis
Cerebral abscess
Post-traumatic epilepsy

Question 26

What are the three herniations from raised ICP?

Answer 26

Subfalcine - of cingulate gyrus
Subtentorial - of cerebrum under tentorial edge
Tonsillar coning of cerebellum into foramen magnum