shapes of molecules

Question 1

what is the number of bond pairs and lone pairs a linear shape has

Answer 1

bond pairs- 2
lone pairs- 0

Question 2

what is the bond angle of a linear shape

Answer 2

180°

Question 3

what is the number of bond pairs and lone pairs a trigonal planar has

Answer 3

bond pairs- 3
lone pairs- 0

Question 4

what is the bond angle of a trigonal planar

Answer 4

120°

Question 5

what is the number of bond pairs and lone pairs a trigonal pyramidal

Answer 5

bond pairs- 3
lone pairs- 1

Question 6

what is the bond angle of a trigonal pyramidal

Answer 6

107°

Question 7

what is the number of bond pairs and lone pairs a tetrahedral has

Answer 7

bond pairs- 4
lone pairs- 0

Question 8

what is the bond angle of a tetrahedral shape

Answer 8

109.5

Question 9

what is ionic bonding

Answer 9

-electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions (non metal and metal)

Question 10

what is covalent bonding

Answer 10

electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei ( non metal and non metal)

Question 11

what is metallic bonding

Answer 11

electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 12

why does giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when liquid but not when solid

Answer 12

in solid state the ions are in fixed positions and cannot move. when they are in liquid state the ions are mobile and can freely carry the charge

Question 13

do giant ionic lattices have high or low mp and bp

Answer 13

they have high as a large amount of energy is required to overcome the electrostatic bonds

Question 14

in what type of solvents do ionic lattices dissolve

Answer 14

polar solvents like water

Question 15

why are ionic compounds soluble in water

Answer 15

-water has a polar bond
-hydrogen atoms are +
-oxygen atoms are -
-these charges attract charged ions

Question 16

what is a dative covalent bond

Answer 16

a bond where both of the shared electrons are supplied by one atom

Question 17

describe the bonding in simple molecular structures

Answer 17

-atoms with the same molecule are held by strong covalent bonds and different molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces

Question 18

why do simple molecular structures have low mp and bp

Answer 18

small amount of energy required to overcome the intermolecular forces

Question 19

can simple molecular structures conduct electricity

Answer 19

no

Question 20

properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 20

-high mp and bp
-non conductors of electricity apart from graphite
-insoluble

Question 21

why do giant covalent structures have high mp and bp

Answer 21

strong covalent bonds within the molecules

Question 23

what is the number of bond pairs and lone pairs a non linear has

Answer 23

bond pairs- 2
lone pairs 2

Question 24

what is the bond angle of a non linear shape

Answer 24

104.5

Question 25

by how many degrees does each lone pair reduce the bond angle

Answer 25

2.5°

Question 26

define electro negativity

Answer 26

the ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 27

what does it mean when the bond is non polar

Answer 27

the electrons in the bond are evenly distributed (symmetrical)

Question 28

what is meant by intermolecular forge

Answer 28

attractive force between neighbouring molecules

Question 29

what is the strongest type of intermolecular force

Answer 29

hydrogen bond

Question 30

what are induced dipole dipole interactions

Answer 30

when a molecule with a permanent dipole is close to other non polar molecules it causes the non polar molecule to become slightly polar leading to attraction

Question 31

what are permanent dipole dipole interactions

Answer 31

some molecules with polar bonds have permanent dipoles. forces of attraction between those dipoles and those of neighbouring molecules

Question 32

describe london forces

Answer 32

-caused by random movements of electrons -leads to instantaneous dipoles -these dipoles induce a dipole in nearby molecules -induced dipoles attract one another

Question 33

are london forces greater in smaller or larger molecules

Answer 33

larger due to more electrons

Question 34

define ionic bonding

Answer 34

-the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions (metal and non metal)

Question 35

define covalent bonding

Answer 35

-electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei (nom metal and non metal)

Question 36

define metallic bonding

Answer 36

electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 38

what substances do induced dipole dipole interactions not occur in

Answer 38

ionic

Question 39

factors effecting size of induced dipole dipole interactions

Answer 39

more electrons means a higher chance that temporary dipoles will form

Question 40

what molecules do permanent dipole dipole forces occur in

Answer 40

polar molecules

Question 41

common compounds with permanent dipole dipole forces in

Answer 41

C-Cl C-F C-Br H-Cl C=O

Question 42

example of ionic bonding

Answer 42

NaCl NaOH

Question 43

what state is ionic bonds

Answer 43

solid

Question 44

what state do ionic bonds conduct electricity

Answer 44

as a liquid

Question 45

is ionic bonds soluble in water

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

examples of simple covalent

Answer 46

H2O CO2

Question 47

what state is simple covalent structures

Answer 47

mainly liquid or gas