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MICRO LECTURE > Shah Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Shah Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate intracellular parasites; particles either DNA or RNA (not cells); cause diseases like flu, chicken-pox, common cold, and rabies

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2
Q

Microbiology

A

Study of small living things usually not observed w/o microscope individually

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3
Q

Microorganism

A

too small to be seen w/o magnification

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4
Q

microscopic

A

invisible to the naked eye

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5
Q

macroscopic

A

visible to the naked eye

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6
Q

Pathogen

A

any microorganism that causes disease

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7
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

situation where nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic microbes cause disease in a immunologically compromised host

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8
Q

colony

A

a macroscopic cluster of cells in a solid medium arising from the multiplication of a single cell

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9
Q

no nucleus

A

bacteria & viruses, viruses cannot reproduce unless in a cell

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10
Q

True nucleus

A

Protozoa, Algae, Fungi & Helminths

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11
Q

Protozoa

A

Ingests

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12
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Fungi

A

absorbs

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14
Q

Helminths

A

only animal causing disease

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15
Q

tapeworms

A

absorbs nutrients

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16
Q

roundworms

A

Eat intestines

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17
Q

Bacteria

A

single cell, prokaryotic, causative agent of Lyme disease

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18
Q

vector

A

transmits infectious agents from one host to another, usually biting, piercing such as tick, mosquito or fly

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19
Q

parasite

A

the organism that lives on or within the host which it obtains its nutrients and enjoys protection

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20
Q

Vector of Lyme Disease is a member of which group in microbiology

A

Animal

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21
Q

Secretes enzymes out of there body and into whatever host they are using, those enzymes breakdown the tissue of the host and then the organism absorbs the breakdown products, some examples of this group are single celled & multicellular

A

Fungi

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22
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

no nucleus or organelles

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23
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

True nucleus & mitochondria

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24
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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25
Q

Classification, naming, & identification of microorganisms

A

Taxonomy

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26
Q

Cleaning up environmental pollution using life forms

A

Bioremediation

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27
Q

Designing new organisms deliberately modifying genetic structure

A

recombinant DNA

28
Q

Range of human eye

A

1mm

29
Q

Range of Light Microscope

A

1 micrometer- 100 micrometer

30
Q

Range of electron microscope

A

1 nanometer- 200 micrometer

31
Q

Ubiquitous

A

everywhere

32
Q

potential pathogen

A

has ability to cause problem, ecoli in gut is ok but ecoli in bladder causes uti

33
Q

Normal micro biota

A

bacteria in certain part of the body that does not cause problem

34
Q

Robert Hooke 1665

A

term “cell”

35
Q

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

A

first observed microorganism w/ microscope he invented “father of microbiology”

36
Q

Francisco Redi

A

Disapproved spontaneous generation

37
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

early belief that life can arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter

38
Q

abiogenesis

A

non life

39
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Small pox vaccination

40
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

lowered the incidence of childbirth fever by making the health care workers wash their hands with chlorinated lime

41
Q

Joseph Lister

A

“Aseptic Technique” in surgery, used phenol to treat instruments, dressings and wound to control microbial growth

42
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Disapproved spontaneous generation, credited for initiating “Aseptic Technique” in the laboratory, proved microbes are everywhere & can’t negotiate curves

43
Q

Biogenesis

A

living things can only arise from other living things

44
Q

Robert Koch

A

developed a series of experimental steps that proved that a particular microorganism caused a specific disease; studied the bacterium bacterium Bacillus anthracis, identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera

45
Q

Angelina Hesse

A

Used “Agar” to culture bacteria

46
Q

Hans Christian Gram

A

Gram stain procedure divides all bacteria into 2 possible groups based on cell wall composition

47
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

Father of Chemotherapy “magic bullet” target bacteria w/o harming healthy cells; instead discovered the synthetic arsenic derivative Salvarsan that was an effective tx for syphilis

48
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

First observed the antimicrobial ability of the mold penicillium

49
Q

Rebecca Lancefield

A

Streptococcal Classification system based on a surface antigens group A strep group B strep

50
Q

Discovered ATB Streptomycin

A

Selman Waksman

51
Q

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis, prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell creating a eukaryotic cell

A

Lynn Margulis

52
Q

process of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species

A

nomenclature; developed by Carolus Linnaeus father of taxonomy

53
Q

Levels of Classification

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

54
Q

Rules for writing scientific names

A

May underline or italicize, Capitalize first letter

55
Q

Woese arranged organisms into 3 domains based on this criterion

A

rRNA sequencing

56
Q

Woese classified the prokaryotes that lives in extreme environments such as in glaciers, deep see vents, and hot sulfur in

A

Dormain Archae

57
Q

Sexual/ Asexual, Animals plants fungi protozoa algae, cell wall-plants(cellulose) fungi(chitin) animals (no), sterols, 80S, Complex, 2.0-100um, nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

58
Q

Asexual, bacteria, no organelles, cell wall-peptidoglycan, no sterols, ribosomes 70S, simple, no nucleus, 0.5-3.0um

A

Prokaryotic

59
Q

Members of the same genus and species that have mutated to be significantly different than other members of the species are called by this special term e.g. E.coli 0157:H7 & Influenzavirus H1N1

A

Strain

60
Q

Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology 2nd edition

A

rRNA

61
Q

Term used to describe spherical bacteria arranged in pairs

A

Diplococci

62
Q

Term used to describe rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains

A

Streptobacilli

63
Q

Flexible bacteria that resemble corkscrews and move by means of endoflagella (axial filaments)

A

Spirochete

64
Q

Identification aid that contains a series of paired statements that can be used to help identify an organism

A

Dichotomous Key

65
Q

Spherical bacteria that divide in multiple plains forming grapelike clusters are called

A

Staphylococci

MICRO LECTURE (17 decks)

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